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Podiatry - Medicine 1 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name given to the part of the digestive system containing the mouth and tongue?

A

Oral Cavity

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2
Q

Label these digestive system components

A
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3
Q

What are the two sections of the GI tract?

A
  1. Upper GI Tract
  2. Lower GI Tract
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4
Q

The digestive system can be divided into two groups, the ________ _______ and the ______ ______.

A
  1. Functional segments
  2. Accessory organs
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5
Q

What are the activities of the digestive system?

A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Digestion (mechanical breakdown)
  3. Propulsion
  4. Secretion
  5. Absorption
  6. Defecation
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6
Q

What does Ingestion refer to?

A

Taking the food in through oral cavity

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7
Q

What does propulsion refer to?

A

Swallowing, and the movement of food through the oesophagus to the stomach, small intestine and large intestine

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8
Q

What does Absorption refer to?

A

The taking in of nutrients into the blood and lymphatic vessels

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9
Q

What does defecation refer to?

A

The excretion of faeces through the anus

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10
Q

What are the Digestive juices?

A
  1. Saliva
  2. Gastric Juices
  3. Intestinal Juices
  4. Pancreatic Juices
  5. Bile
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11
Q

Label the missing parts marked in red

A
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12
Q

What is Peristalsis?

A

Alternate contractions of the Muscularis layer of the GI tract, to aid in propulsion of food through the tract

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13
Q
  1. The Tongue is a _____ muscle involved in _____, _____ and _____.
  2. Teeth ______ and _____ food. Adults have approximately ____ teeth.
  3. Salivary Glands:
    1. _______ - under the tongue
    2. ________ - under the angle of the jaw
    3. ______ - inside the cheek below the ears
A
  1. The tongue is a skeletal muscle involved in deglutition, speech and taste.
  2. Teeth tear and grind food. Adults have approximately 32 teeth by the age of 24.
  3. Salivary Glands:

Sublingual - under the tongue

Submandibular - under the angle of the jaw

Parotid - inside the cheek below the ears

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14
Q

What is deglutition?

A

Swallowing

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15
Q

What is mastication

A

Chewing

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16
Q

What is the first phase of deglutition?

A
  1. Oral/Buccal phase
  • upper oesophageal sphincter contracts
  • The tongue presses against the hard palate, forcing the bolus of the food into the pharynx
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17
Q

Complete the missing labels

A
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18
Q

What is the upper oesophageal sphincter also known as?

A

Pharyngoesophogeal Sphincter

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19
Q

What is Bolus?

A

Food that has been chewed and mixed with saliva in the mouth

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20
Q

What is the hard palate?

A

Roof of mouth

21
Q

True or false: The first stage of deglutition is voluntary

A

True - you can choose to swallow

22
Q

What is the second phase of deglutition?

A
  • Pharyngeal phase
  • Uvula and larynx rise to prevent bolus entering respiratory passageways
  • The tongue blocks off the mouth. The upper oesophageal sphincter relaxes, allowing food to enter the oesophagus
23
Q

True or false: the second phase of deglutition is Voluntary

A

False - the pharyngeal phase is involuntary

24
Q

What is the third phase of deglutition?

A
  • Oesophageal phase
  • Pharynx contracts, forcing bolus into the oesophagus
  • After food has entered the oesophagus, the upper oesophageal sphincter contracts again
25
Q

True or false: The third phase of deglutition is voluntary

A

False - the oesophageal phase is involuntary

26
Q

What occurs during the oesophageal phase to move bolus from the oesophagus through to the stomach?

A

Peristalsis

27
Q

What is the average pH of stomach acids?

A

1-3

28
Q

What is rugae?

A

Ripples in the lining of the stomach, to allow the stomach to stretch when more food is in

29
Q

What are the four regions of the stomach?

A
  1. Fundus - Top
  2. Cardia - region just below the lower oesophageal sphincter
  3. Body - the main middle of the stomach
  4. Pylorus - lower region before the duodenum
30
Q

What does bolus turn into in the stomach?

A

Chyme

31
Q

What does the Pyloric sphincter control?

A

It allows Chyme to travel into the duodenum

32
Q

Once digestion of the food bolus is complete, most of the nutrient absorption takes places from the _____.

A

Chyme

33
Q

To help further breakdown the chyme, where does the duodenum receive secretions from?

A
  • Gallbladder
  • Pancreas
34
Q

Which three parts make up the small intestine and how large are they?

A

Duodenum - 25cm

Jejunum - 2m

Ileum - 3m

35
Q

Approximately how long is the large intestine?

A

1.5m

36
Q

Why is it called the large intestine?

A

The lumen is larger than the small intestine

37
Q

Where does the large intestine start and end?

A

Start - caecum

End - anus

38
Q

What are the main functions of the large intestine?

A
  1. Absorption
  2. Microbial activity
  3. Mass transportation
39
Q

What is another name for the large intestine?

A

Colon

40
Q

Why is there more lymphoid tissue in the large intestine than in any other part of the GI tract?

A

So if any pathogens are found in the chyme an immune response can be initiated

41
Q

Complete the missing labels on the large intestine

A
42
Q

The liver is…

Largest _____

Largest _____

Makes and secretes _____

Located _______

A

Largest Gland

Largest Solid Organ

Makes and Secretes Bile

Located below the diaphragm

43
Q

The liver is divisible into two lobes, seperated by the ________

A

Calciform ligament

44
Q

The right lobe of the kidney is larger than the left lobe, causing what?

A

The right kidney to be lower than the left

45
Q

Where is the gallbladder located?

A

In an indent, in the wall of the right lobe of the liver

46
Q

Where does the liver receive its blood supply from?

A
  • Hepatic artery - oxygenated blood
  • Hepatic portal vein - deoxygenated blood, but nutrient rich
47
Q

Which vein does the blood leave the liver by?

A

Hepatic vein

48
Q

What is the pathway of bile?

A
  • Bile leaves the liver through the right and left hepatic ducts (as there are two lobes to the liver)
  • Right and left hepatic ducts fuse into the common hepatic duct
    *

Podiatry - Medicine 1 (13 decks)

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