Respiratory System Flashcards
What system does the respiratory system work in tandem with?
Cardiovascular System = transports RESPIRATORY gases
What is Ischemia?
An insufficient supply of blood to an organ (usually due to a blocked artery)
What is Hypoxia?
- A deficiency in the amount of o2 reaching body tissues
Where does the upper respiratory tracht end?
Pharynx
What two zones are the respiratory system split into?
- Conducting Zone
- Respiratory Zone
What parts of the respiratory system to the conducting zone contain?
- nasal cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- bronchioles
- terminal bronchioles
What parts of the respiratory system to the respiratory zone contain?
- Respiratory bronchioles
- alveoli ducts
- alveoli
What are five functions of the nasal structure? (why do we have a nose)
- Smell
- Filter - hairs, sneezing
- Moistens - mucus
- Warms - warms the air, highly vascularised
- Hollow resonating chamber (for your voice)
What is the Pharynx?
A funnel shaped tube of skeletal muscle
What does the Pharynx connect to superiorly?
- Nasal Cavity
- Oral Cavity
What does the Pharynx connect to inferiorly?
- Larynx
- Oesophagus
What are three functions of the throat?
- Passage of air
- Passafe of food and water
- Resonating chamber (for voice)
What is your adams apple also known as?
Thyroid Cartilage
Do women have thyroid cartilage?
Yes - although mens are larger and protrude more
What are the main structures within the Larynx?
- Thyroid Cartilage
- Epiglottis
- Vocal folds, also known as true vocal cords
What is the Glottis?
An opening between the vocal folds and the larynx
What is the epiglottis?
A thin elastic cartilaginous structure located at the roof of the tongue, which folds over the glottis to prevent food and liquid from entering the trachae during swallowing
What is the trachea?
- C-shaped rings of smooth muslce cartilage that is lined with a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
What is the purpose of the rings of C-shaped cartilage in the trachea?
To keep the airway open when the oesophagus takes bolus of food downward
How many branches are thre in the bronchial tree?
23
what are the first six branches in the bronchial tree?
- Trachea
- Primary bronchi
- secondary bronchi
- tertiary bronchi
- bronchioles
- Terminal bronchioles
What difference is there between the right and left lung?
- The right lung has three lobes associated with it (superior, medial, inferior), whereas the left lung only has two (superior, inferior)
What is the cardiac notch?
The curvature at the bottom part of the left lung which the hear is placed in.
What are the folds in the lungs that seperate the lobes called?
Fissures
What is the parietal pleura?
The outer layer of the lung
What is the visceral pleura?
The inner layer of the lung membrane
How many alveoli are in the lungs?
Approximately 300 million
What types of bronchiole have alveoli on them?
Respiratory bronchioles
What structures cover alveoli?
- Smooth muscle
- Capillaries
- Elastic Fibres
What is respiration defined as?
- An exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood, and cells
What is pulmonary ventilation?
Breating - gas moving in and out of the lungs
What is External (pulmonary) respiration?
Gas exchange between alveoli and blood
What is Internal (tissue) respiration?
Gas exchange between blood and cells (tissue)
What is Respiratory gas transport?
Transport of gases via bloodstream
True or false: Breathing is a mechanical process
True
What happens to your diagphram when you inhale?
It contract and straightens out inferiorly
What are non-respiratory air movements?
- laughing
- talking
- burping
- sneezing
- etc..
A healthy adult breahtes ___ times per minute
12
Normal breathing moves about ____ ml of air in and out of the lungs, this is called _______.
- 500
- Tidal Volume
What is Minute Ventilation?
Total volume of air inhaled and exhaled each minute
