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Podiatry - Medicine 1 > Cells and Tissues > Flashcards

Cells and Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main parts to a cell?

A
  1. Plasma Membrane
  2. Nucleus
  3. Cytoplasm
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2
Q

What is the study of cell structure?

A

Cytology

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3
Q

What is the study of cell function?

A

Cell Physiology

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4
Q

What is the study of tissue?

A

Histology

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5
Q

What is the Plasma Membrane’s function and properties?

A
  1. Acts as a barrier for the cell contents
  2. Composed of a Lipid Bilayer
  3. Has Hydrophilic heads and Hydrophobic tails
  4. It is a dynamic, fluid structure and changes shape etc
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6
Q

What does the Lipid Bilayer consist of?

A

3 types of lipids:

a) Phospholipid
b) Glycolipid
c) Cholesterol

2 types of protein:

a) Integral Proteins (they traverse the membrane, are integral to the membrane’s structure)
b) Peripheral Proteins (sit beside the integral proteins, are not actually in the plasma membrane)

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7
Q

What is Microvilli and its function?

A
  1. finger-like projections of the plasma membrane of specialised cells
  2. Increase the surface area of the plasma membrane to increase absorption and excretion rates
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8
Q

What are the three types of Membrane Junctions?

A
  1. Tight Juntions
  2. Desmosomes
  3. Gap Junctions
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9
Q

What is the function and properties of Tight Junctions?

A
  1. Also known as impermeable junctions
  2. Hold cells together, and force molecules trying to pass between cells to pass through different junctions instead
  3. Also provide some rigidity to cell structure
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10
Q

What is the function and properties of Desmosomes?

A
  1. Also known as Anchoring Junctions

2. Are the main structural anchor for the cell - are the main support holding cells together

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11
Q

What is the function and properties of Gap Junctions?

A
  1. Communication channels, molecules can pass freely between them
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12
Q

What is the Nucleus?

A

The control centre of the cell which contains genetic material known as DNA

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13
Q

Define these terms:

  1. Uninucleate
  2. Anucleate
  3. Multinucleate
A
  1. One nucleus in the cell
  2. No nucleus in the cell
  3. Multiple nuclei in the cell
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14
Q

What does the Cytoplasm consist of?

A
  1. Cytosol
  2. Organelles
  3. Inclusions
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15
Q

What is a Solution?

A

A mixture of two or more components

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16
Q

What is a dissolving medium called?

A

Solvent

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17
Q

What are the components in smaller quantites which get dissolved in a solution called?

A

Solute

18
Q

Define Membrane Transport

A

movement of substances into and out of the cell across the lipid membrane (plasma membrane)

19
Q

What are the two basic methods of membrane transport?

A
  1. Passive

2. Active

20
Q

What is passive transport, and what are the three types through the plasma membrane?

A
  1. movement which happens without assistance
  2. a. Simple diffusion
    b. Facilitated diffusion
    c. Filtration
21
Q

Why might some substances need to move by passive diffusion?

A
  1. Too Large
  2. Not able to dissolve in the lipid core of the membrane
  3. Moving against a concentration gradient
22
Q

What are the two main forms of Active Transport?

A
  1. Solute Pumping / Active Transport

2. Bulk Transport / Vesicular Transport

23
Q

How does Solute Pumping / Active Transport occur?

A
  1. ATP energises protein carriers
  2. In the majority of cases this is movement against a concentration gradient
  3. Transports amino acids, ions, and some sugars
24
Q

How does Bulk Transport / Vesicular Transport occur?

A
  1. Plasma membrane forms a pit which substances gather into, this then forms into a vesicle which breaks away from the plasma membrane and fuses with lysosome to be ingested.
25
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

The taking in of substances through Bulk Transport

26
Q

What is exocytosis

A

The removal of substances through Bulk Transport

27
Q

What are the two types of endocytosis?

A
  1. Phagocytosis - cell eating
28
Q

What is cell division called? (excluding sex cells)

A

Mitosis

29
Q

What is sex cell division called?

A

Meosis

30
Q

What are the four types of tissue called?

A
  1. Nervous
  2. Muscle
  3. Epithelial
  4. Connective
31
Q

Where is epithelial tissue found?

A
  1. External surfaces / body coverings
  2. Internal surfaces / body linings
  3. Glandular
32
Q

What are some functions of Epithelial Tissue?

A 
Protection
Absorption
Excretion
Secretion
Sensory Reception
33
Q

What are characteristics of Epithelium?

A
  1. Cells fit closely together
  2. Apical Surface (top)
  3. Basal Surface (bottom)
  4. Avascular, but Innervated (have a nerve supply)
  5. Regenerate easily if well nourised (in interstitial fluid)
34
Q

How are epithelial cells classified based on shape?

A
  1. Squamous (squashed)
  2. Cuboidal (square)
  3. Columnar (elongated)
35
Q

How are epithelial cells classified based on layers?

A
  1. Simple (one layer)
  2. Stratified (multiple layers)
  3. Pseudostratified (one layer that looks like multiple)
36
Q

What is a Gland?

A

One or more cells that secrete

37
Q

What are the two major Glands?

A
  1. Endocrine

2. Exocrine

38
Q

Where is connective tissue found, and what is its functions?

A

Found everywhere in the body

  1. Binding / Supporting
  2. Protection
  3. Insulation
  4. Transportation - blood
39
Q

What are the three types of connective tissue?

A
  1. Mature
  2. Cartilage - (HYALINE, ELASTIC, FIBROCARTILAGE)
  3. Bone
40
Q

What is the function of Muscle tissue?

A

To produce movement

41
Q

What are the tree types of Muscle Tissue?

A
  1. Cardiac
  2. Smooth
  3. Skeletal

Podiatry - Medicine 1 (13 decks)

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