Urinary System

Question 1

what are the functions of the urinary system?

Answer 1

1. Removal of waste products from the blood
2. Reabsorption of essential nutrients
3. Regulation of: blood volume, blood pressure, plasma ion concentration

Question 2

what is the functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 2

the nephron

Question 3

what does the nephron consist of?

Answer 3

Renal corpuscle - Bowman’s capsule, Glomerulus

Renal tubule- Proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal convoluted tubule, Collecting tubule

Question 4

what is the site of plasma filtration in the nephron?

Answer 4

renal corpuscle

Question 5

what type of epithelium is in the bowmans capsule?

Answer 5

Outer wall – parietal epithelium
Inner wall – visceral epithelium
contains podocytes with processes (pedicels)

Question 6

what is the glomerulus?

Answer 6

Fenestrated capillary network

Question 7

what is the supporting connective tissue of the renal corpsucle?

Answer 7

Mesangium

Question 8

what type of epithelium is the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 8

Simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli

Question 9

what does the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorb?

Answer 9

nutrients, ions, water, plasma proteins

Question 10

what does the distal convoluted tubule secrete and absorb?

Answer 10

Secrete acids, drugs, toxins

Reabsorbs ions and water

Question 11

what endocrine function does the kidney carry out?

Answer 11

Fibrocytes in the cortex release the hormone erythropoietin, which stimulates the formation of red blood cells

Question 12

the podocytes contain filtration slits?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

are the descending parts of the straight proximal and intermediate tubules permeable to solutes?

Answer 13

Descending parts of the straight proximal and intermediate tubules are permeable to water but not to solutes.

Question 14

what does aldosterone stimulate?

Answer 14

the active resorption of sodium ions and the excretion of potassium ions.

Question 15

what stimulates the secretion of aldosterone?

Answer 15

Angiotensin II which is also the most potent vasoconstrictor known.

Question 16

what lines the bladder and ureters?

Answer 16

The muscularis usually consists of an inner longitudinal and outer circular layer of smooth muscle cells . In lower parts of the ureter and the bladder an additional outer longitudinal layer of muscles is added to the first two.