Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 1

what attaches the tongue to the mouth?

Answer 1

lingual frenelum

Question 2

what are the types of papillae on the tongue?

Answer 2

filiform, fungiform, circumvallate, foliate papillae

Question 3

what are the layers of the alimentary canal?

Answer 3

1. mucosa
2. submucosa
3. muscularis externa
4. serosa

Question 4

what are the components of the mucosa?

Answer 4

1. epithelium
2. lamina propria
3. muscularis mucosae

Question 5

what type of epithelium is found in the mucosa?

Answer 5

simple columnar with goblet cells

Question 6

what is lamina propria composed of?

Answer 6

thin layer CT with blood and lymph vessels, glands and MALT

Question 7

what composes the muscularis mucosa?

Answer 7

circular and longitudinal smooth muscle

Question 8

what is the submucosa composed of?

Answer 8

dense irregular connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels and nerve clusters (submucosal plexus or meissners plexus)

Question 9

what do the submucosal and meissners plexus do?

Answer 9

regulates secretion and blood flow to alimentary canal

Question 10

what is the muscular externa composed of?

Answer 10

circular and longitudinal smooth muscle with myenteric or auerbachs plexus nerves

Question 11

what is the serosa composed of?

Answer 11

simple squamous epithelial tissue and loose CT

Question 12

what is the function of the serosa?

Answer 12

to support and anchor digestive organs

Question 13

what are the 5 regions of the stomach?

Answer 13

1. cardia
2. fundus
3. body
4. pyloric antrum
5. pylorus

Question 14

what are the divisions of the small intestine?

Answer 14

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 15

what is the mucosa of the stomach comprised of?

Answer 15

simple, tubular gastric glands

Question 16

is the mucus of the stomach alkaline or acidic?

Answer 16

alkaline

Question 17

what cell types are found in the principal glands of the stomach?

Answer 17

chief cells, parietal cells, mucous neck cells and endocrine cells

Question 18

what do chief cells produce?

Answer 18

pepsinogen (precursor to pepsin)

Question 19

what do parietal cells secrete?

Answer 19

hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

Question 20

what function does the HCl in the stomach provide?

Answer 20

activates pepsinogen and sterilizes contents

Question 21

what does intrinsic factor do?

Answer 21

reabsorbs vitamin B12

Question 22

what are the types of endocrine cells found in the stomach?

Answer 22

gastrin producing (stimulate the secretion of acid and pepsin) and somatostatin producing (inhibit g cells)

Question 23

what are plicae circularis?

Answer 23

crescent shaped folds of mucosa and submucosa found in small intestine (mainly jejunum) increase surface area by 3

Question 24

what forms the surface of the intestinal villi?

Answer 24

simple columnar epithelium containing enterocytes, goblet cells and endocrine cells

Question 25

what openings are found between the intestinal villi?

Answer 25

crypts of leiberkuhn which secretes intestinal juice

Question 26

what are peyers patches?

Answer 26

aggregations of lymph nodes in the lamina propria of the ileum

Question 27

what are the submucosal glands of the duodenum called?

Answer 27

brunners glands which secretions protect the mucosa

Question 28

what is the primary function of the large intestine?

Answer 28

reabsorption of water and inorganic salts

Question 29

are plicae circularis or intestinal villi present in the large intestine?

Answer 29

nope

Question 30

why is the wall of the appendix thick?

Answer 30

due to large accumulations of lymphoid tissue in the lamina propria and submucosa