Accessory Digestive Organs

Question 1

is the pancreas an exocrine or endocrine gland?

Answer 1

both

Question 2

what do the islands of langerhans produce?

Answer 2

insulin, glucagon and other hormones

Question 3

what does the exocrine part of the pancreas produce?

Answer 3

pancreatic juice

Question 4

what does the exocrine pancreas consist of?

Answer 4

tubuloacinar glands

Question 5

what is pancreatic juice?

Answer 5

a clear alkaline fluid which contains the precursors of enzymes of all classes necessary to break down the main components of the diet

Question 6

what enzymes are in pancreatic juice?

Answer 6

ribonucleases, lipases, amylase, esterase and peptidases such as trypsin

Question 7

what are proteolytic enzymes secreted as?

Answer 7

zymogens (inactive precursors)

Question 8

what does the enzyme enteropeptidase do?

Answer 8

catalyses the conversion of trysinogen into trypsin which activates a number of other zymogens

Question 9

what do the cells of the intercalated ducts of the pancreas secrete?

Answer 9

fluid and bicarbonate ions of the pancreatic juice which neutralizes the acidic contents of the stomach

Question 10

is endocrine tissue is more vascularized with fenestrated capillaries than exocrine tissue?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

what is the cellular composition of the islands of langerhans?

Answer 11

75% beta cells which produce insulin
20% alpha cells which produce glucagon
5% delta cells which produce somatostatin

Question 12

what does insulin stimulate?

Answer 12

the synthesis of glycogen, protein and fatty acids
the uptake of glucose
the activation of glucokinase

Question 13

what does glucagon stimulate?

Answer 13

the opposite of insulin: raises glucose levels

Question 14

what does somatostatin do?

Answer 14

inhibits other endocrine cells

Question 15

what is the largest gland of the body?

Answer 15

the liver

Question 16

how does the liver receive blood?

Answer 16

through the hepatic portal vein and hepatic artery

Question 17

is the liver an exocrine gland or an endocrine gland?

Answer 17

exocrine as is produces bile

Question 18

where do the portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct enter the liver?

Answer 18

through the porta hepatis

Question 19

what is a portal triad?

Answer 19

the portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct

Question 20

what is a liver lobule composed of?

Answer 20

six sided prism with portal triads in the corners and lobules filled with hepatocytes

Question 21

what separates hepatocytes?

Answer 21

vascular sinusoids

Question 22

what is the function of hepatocytes?

Answer 22

storage of glucose in the form of glycogen, vitamin A, B12, folic acid and iron
transport lipids
secrete bile
detoxify fat soluble compounds
synthesize plasma proteins

Question 23

what do bile salts facilitate?

Answer 23

digestion and absorption of fats

Question 24

does the epithelium lining the biliary system contain mucus-producing cells and a muscularis mucosae?

Answer 24

no