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Mammalian Cells and Tissues > Cartilage > Flashcards

Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

what is cartilage?

A

a specialized form of connective tissue

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2
Q

does cartilage contain vessels and nerves?

A

no

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3
Q

what surrounds cartilage?

A

a layer of dense connective tissue, the perichondrium

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4
Q

is cartilage formed in repairing bone fractures?

A

yes, in the very early stages

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5
Q

what are the types of cartilage?

A

hyaline, fibrous, articular and elastic

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6
Q

what cells form cartilage?

A

chondroblasts

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7
Q

what is secreted by chondroblasts during cartilage formation?

A

extracellular matrix which consists of, ground substance (hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfates and keratan sulfate) and tropocollagen

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8
Q

what is the dominant type of collagen in cartilage?

A

type II tropocollagen

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9
Q

what are mature cartilage cells called?

A

chondrocytes

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10
Q

what are the two mechanisms of cartilage growth?

A

interstitial and appositional

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11
Q

what is interstitial growth of cartilage?

A

Chondroblasts within the existing cartilage divide and form small groups of cells, isogenous groups, which produce matrix, occurs mainly in immature cartilage.

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12
Q

what is appositional growth of cartilage?

A

Mesenchymal cells surrounding the cartilage in the deep part of the perichondrium (or the chondrogenic layer) differentiate into chondroblasts, occurs also in mature cartilage

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13
Q

do chondroblasts contain rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

yes

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14
Q

where does elastic cartilage occur?

A

epiglottic cartilage, the corniculate and cuneiform cartilage of the larynx, the cartilage of the external ear and the auditory tube

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15
Q

what does elastic cartilage contain?

A

corresponds histologically to hyaline cartilage, but, in addition, elastic cartilage contains a dense network of delicately branched elastic fibres

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16
Q

what is the perichondrium?

A

a connective tissue covering that surrounds cartilage that contains blood vessels and nutrients

17
Q

does hyaline cartilage in joints have a perichondrium?

A

no

18
Q

what is the hyaline cartilage covering the ends of long bones called?

A

articular cartilage- has little friction which aids movement and absorbs stress

19
Q

what does fibrocartilage consist of?

A

ground substance and strong bundles of collagen, does not have perichondrium

20
Q

where is fibrocartilage found?

A

in places that need to withstand force eg:

intervertebral discs, Joint capsules, Ligaments, tendons, Mensci in the knee joint, Pubic symphysis

21
Q

what does wear and tear of articular cartilage lead to?

A

osteoarthritis

Mammalian Cells and Tissues (16 decks)

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