Urinary System

Question 1

Epithelium within the proximal uriniferous tubule

a) is a simple squamous epithelium continuous with the visceral layer of the Bow-
man’s capsule

b) is composed of simple cuboidal or low columnar cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm
c) are equipped with a brush border made of microvilli
d) its basal plasma membrane has no infoldings (striations)

Answer 1

B,c

Question 2

Glomerular filtration

a) the interdigitating pedicels of the podocytes are separated by filtration slits
b) the glomerular basal lamina acts as a selective filter
c) glomerular capillaries are lined with a fenestrated endothelium
d) the basal glomerular membrane also contains type IV collagen

Answer 2

A,b,c,d

Question 3

Henle’s loop

a) can be found in the renal pyramids

b) is a part of nephron and it is lines with simple cuboidal or simple squamous
epithelium

c) belongs to extrarenal excretory passages
d) runs through the renal cortical columns

Answer 3

A,b

Question 4

Kidneys and hormones

a) aldosterone increases diuresis
b) natriuretic peptide supports reabsorption of sodium together with aldosterone
c) aldosterone increases reabsorption of natrium and water in distal tubule

d) antidiuretic hormone opens the water channels in collecting ducts which leads
to reabsorption of more water from the urine to the vasa recta

Answer 4

C,d

Question 5

Proximal uriniferous tubule

a) when entering the renal medulla, it proceeds as the distal uriniferous tubule
b) is surrounded by the interstitial connective tissue
c) is lined with a simple squamous epithelium
d) can be found in the renal cortex

Answer 5

B,d

Question 6

The Bowman’s capsule

a) its parietal layer is made of a simple squamous epithelium
b) contains a layer of endothelium
c) is a part of the renal corpuscle
d) its visceral layer is made of podocytes

Answer 6

A,c,d

Question 7

The distal uriniferous tubule

a) is impermeable to chloride and sodium ions
b) is lined with a cuboidal epithelium, the cells of which are less eosinophilic than the cells lining the proximal tubule
c) is not a part of the nephron
d) its macula densa monitors the osmolarity and volume of the ultrafiltrate

Answer 7

B,d

Question 8

The female urethra

a) is about 12 cm in length
b) one of its parts is lined with the stratified simple non-keratinizing epithelium
c) there is a seminal colliculus in the dorsal wall
d) there is a venous plexus within the mucosa

Answer 8

B,d

Question 9

The Henle’s loop

a) has an ascending and an descending limb

b) contributes to the formation of the osmotic gradient of the renal medullary
interstitial tissue

c) is surrounded by the vasa recta blood vessels
d) has a thick segment with simple cuboidal epithelium and a thin segment with simple squamous epithelium

Answer 9

A,b,c,d

Question 10

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

a) is located at the vascular pole of the renal corpuscle
b) is located within the parietal layer of the Bowman’s capsule
c) can be found between the thick and the thin segmnet of Henle’s loop
d) contains e.g. the macula densa and renin-producing cells

Answer 10

A,d

Question 11

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

a) does produce aldosterone

b) consists of the macula densa, extraglomerular mesangial cells, and juxtaglome-
rular cells

c) maintains systemic arterial blod pressure
d) does produce renin

Answer 11

B,c,d

Question 12

The mucosa of the male urethra is lined with

a) stratified or pseudostratified columnar
b) the urothelium (transitional eithelium)
c) simple cuboidal
d) stratified squamous non-keratinizing

Answer 12

A,b,d

Question 13

The podocytes

a) are the cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

b) are cells with primary and secondary projections (pedicels) on the surface of
glomerular capillaries

c) are the cells of the mesangium
d) are the cells of the visceral layer of the Bowman’s capsule

Answer 13

B,d

Question 14

The primary urine

a) is formed within the loop of Henle and within the distal tubule
b) is formed by filtration from the plasma into the distal tubule

c) is filtered through the glomerular basal lamina and the podocytes into the uri-
nary space between the visceral and parietal layer of the Bowman’s capsule

d) has different volume and chemical composition than the urine in the extrarenal excretory passages

Answer 14

C,d

Question 15

The renal circulation

a) arcuate arteries branch into interlobular arteries
b) the efferent blood vessel leaving the renal corpuscle is an arteriole
c) the medullary vasa recta arise from the efferent blood vessels
d) the afferent arteriole arises from the interlobular artery

Answer 15

A,b,c,d

Question 16

The renal collecting ducts

a) are lined with transitional epithelium (urothelium), which is particularly resistant against the urine
b) belong to the juxtaglomerular apparatus
c) receive urine from the distal tubules
d) are lined with a simple columnar epithelium

Answer 16

C,d

Question 17

The renal corpuscle contains

a) a central glomerulus of capillaries
b) Bowman’s capsule
c) collecting tubules
d) the loop of Henle

Answer 17

A,b

Question 18

The renal medulla (renal pyramids) contains

a) juxtamedullary glomeruli with their proximal tubules, collecting tubules
b) Henle’s loops, collecting tubules and renal calyces
c) Henle’s loops, collecting tubules, arteriolar and venous vasa recta
d) juxtamedullary glomeruli, colecting tubules and capillaries

Answer 18

C

Question 19

The renal pelvis

a) is covered with the serosa
b) receives the primary urine filtered from the blood
c) is lined with the transitional epithelium
d) belongs already to the excretory passages

Answer 19

C,d

Question 20

The ureter

a) there are mucous glands in the lower part of the ureter
b) the mucosa layer is covered with transitional epithelium
c) in the upper part, the inner muscle bundles are longitudinal, the outer bundles are circular to oblique
d) the external layer is the adventitia

Answer 20

B,c,d

Question 21

The urinary bladder

a) is lined with the pseudostratified columnar epithelium as well as with the tran-
sitional epithelium

b) the mucosa has intraepithelial mucous glands
c) its whole outer surface is covered with tunica serosa

d) the outer and inner muscle is longitudinal, while the middle muscle layer is
circular

Answer 21

D

Question 22

The wall of male urethra contains

a) mucosa lined with transitional epithelium
b) small depressions depressions or recesses (lacunae of Morgagni)
c) small mucous glands
d) seromucous glands

Answer 22

A,b,c

Question 23

Which epithelium can be found within the female urethra

a) stratified squamous non-keratinizing
b) simple cuboidal
c) pseudostratified columnar
d) simple squamous

Answer 23

A,c

Question 24

Which hormones are produced by the kidney

a) renin
b) aldosterone
c) calcitonin
d) erythropoetin

Answer 24

A,d

Question 25

Which parts belong to the extrarenal excretory passages

a) Henle’s loop
b) distal uriniferous tubule
c) the renal pelvis
d) the ureter

Answer 25

C,d

Question 26

Which processes occur within the kidney

a) concentration of urine within the collecting ducts
b) production of hormones (e.g., erythropoetin and renin)
c) filtration of the blood plasma
d) active absorption of ions and molecules within the uriniferous tubules

Answer 26

A,b,c,d

Question 27

Which statements are correct

a) the renal calyces are lined with transitional epithelium
b) the collecting tubules end at the area cribrosa
c) the renal cortical columns run between the renal pyramids

d) the macula densa of the distal tubule is made of modified smooth muscle cells
that originate from the afferent arteriole

Answer 27

A,b,c

Question 28

Which statement is correct

a) the distal tubule is lined with simple cuboidal epithelium with kinocilia
b) the Henle’s loop has a thin and a thick limb
c) the collecting tubule is lined with transitional epithelium (urothelium)
d) the distal tubule is not a part of the nephron

Answer 28

B

Question 29

Which structure of the kidney is usually highly convoluted

a) the thin descending limb of Henle’s loop
b) the proximal tubules
c) the collecting tubules
d) the distal tubules

Answer 29

B,d

Question 30

Which structures are parts of nephron

a) interstitial connective tissue of the renal cortex
b) the ascending limb of the Henle’s loop
c) the collecting tubules and the papillary ducts
d) the renal corpuscle

Answer 30

B,d