Lymphatic System Flashcards
B-lymphocytes
a) unlike T-lymphocytes, they can not differentiate into cells with immunological
memory
b) posses surface membrane immunoglobulins with receptor function
c) differentiate e.g. in bone marrow
d) can differentiate into plasmocytes that are able to produce antibodies
B,c,d
Human leukocytes
a) a clone of leukoctes is a group of cells derived from the same mother cell
b) the antigen-presenting cells express the MHC class II molecules
c) phagocytosis is one of the mechanisms of the innate (non-specific) cellular im-
munity
d) activated macrophages produce chemotactic and pro-inflammatory cytokines
A,b,c,d
Immune response – which statements are correct
a) the immunoglobulins are produced mainly by T-lymphocytes and monocytes
b) immunocompetent cells are able to develop an immune response (e.g., to reco-
gnize antigens and respond to them)
c) the granules of mast cells contain heparin and histamin
d) the humoral immune response is mediated mainly by antibodies
B,c,d
Lymph node – which statements are correct
a) the lymphocytes may recirculate and migrate into the nodes through the post-
capillary high-endothelial venules
b) contains no antigen-presenting cells
c) the lymph is drained from the nodes via the efferent lymph vessels
d) afferent lymph vessels bring the lymph to the marginal sinus below the fibrous
capsule
A,c,d
Lymph nodes
a) they have no blood vessels
b) they consist of fibrous capsules and trabecules, cortex, paracortex (inner cortex),
and medulla
c) they contain lympoid follicles and lymph sinuses
d) they are made of the red and the white pulp
B,c
Lymph nodes
a) the reticular connective tissue contains sinuses surrounded with macrophages
b) the distribution of B- and T-lymphocytes is uniform in all compartments of the
nodes
c) the cortical sinuses are connecting the subcapsular (marginal) sinus with the
medullary sinuses
d) their stroma contains argyrophilic fibres
A,c,d
Lymphatic vessels
a) in the end they reach either the thoracic duct or the right lymphatic duct
b) efferent vessels of a lymph node may become the afferent vessels of the sub-
sequent node of the same node chain
c) their valves are semilunar, generally paired and composed of an extension of the
intima
d) the largest lymphatic vessels have three layers: mesothelium, tunica media, and
tunica serosa
A,b,c
Lymphatic vessels
a) begin as dilated, blind-ended tubes
b) are lined with lymphatic endothelium
c) have no valves
d) the lymphatic capillaries are usually more permeable to large molecules than
blood vessels
A,b,d
Lymphoid follicles
a) occur e.g. in the palatine tonsil
b) the presence of pale germinal centres within the secondary folicles corresponds
with the humoral response of B-lymphocytes
c) occur e.g. in the spleen, in lymph nodes and in the thymus
d) the primary lymphoid follicles have several pale germinal centres
A,b
Lymphoid organs
a) except the thymus, the stroma of most lymphoid organs is made of reticular
connective tissue
b) in the spleen, the stroma of the pulp is made of entodermal reticular epithelium
c) also comprise the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
d) lymph nodes and red bone marrow are primary (central) lymphoid organs
A,c
Lymphoid organs – which statements are correct
a) red splenic pulp contains pulp cords (of Billroth), blood sinusoids and macro-
phages
b) the cell-mediated immunity is normal in thymic agenesis (congenital absence of
the thymus)
c) the germinals centres of secondary lymphoid follicles contain stimulated B-
lymphocytes
d) T-lymphocytes prevail within the paracortex (inner cortex) of lymph nodes
A,c,d
Microcirculation of the spleen
a) the red pulp contains venous sinusoids lined with a discontinuous endothelium
b) the central arterioles are surrounded by lymphatic sheaths
c) the trabecular arteries give rise to the central arterioles
d) the blood is drained from the red pulp into the venules of the white pulp
A,b,c
Microscopic diagnosis of lymphoid organs
a) the lingual tonsil is covered with the pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithe-
lium and with mucous goblet cells
b) numerous lymphoid follicles can be found adjacent to the tonsillar crypts
c) lymph sinusoids are more frequent in red splenic pulp than in white splenic pulp
d) there are no lymphoid follicles in secondary (peripheral) lymphoid organs
B
T-lymphocytes
a) differentiate within the thymus
b) can be found within the inner cortex (paracortex) of lymph nodes
c) comprise helper, supressor, and cytotoxic lymphocytes
d) are involved in the cell-mediated (cellular) immunity, e.g. by producing cytokines
A,b,c,d
The capsule of a lymph node
a) is covered by stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium
b) is made if dense collagenous connective tissue
c) is penetrated by the afferent lymph vessels
d) is made of loose collagenous connective tissue
B,c
