Blood Vessels And Heart Flashcards
Vasa vasorum:
a) branch profusely in the adventitia and in the outer part of the media of large
vessels
b) branch particularly in the tunica intima
c) are more frequent in arteries than in veins
d) the intima receives nutrition and oxygen mostly from the blood that circulates
into the lumen of the vesel, not from vasa vasorum
A,d
Choose correct statements about endothelial cells of blood vessels:
a) contain oval nuclei
b) affect the vascular tone
c) the interchange of materials between blood and tissue dependents on the structu-
ral characteristics of endothelial layer
d) have an antithrombogenic action (effect)
B,c,d
Choose correct statements about endothelial cells of capillaries:
a) they do not create a gap junction
b) they are not responsible for lipolysis
c) they can be a part of barriers - for example, blood-brain barrier
d) they contain pinocytic vesicles
C,d
Fenestrated endothelial layer can be found:
a) in the capillaries of kidney glomerulus
b) in the intestine
c) in the cerebral cortex
d) in muscle tissue
A,b
Choose correct statements about muscular artery (medium sized):
a) the intima is separated from the media by an external elastic lamina
b) the media consists of concentric layers of smooth muscle cells
c) the adventitia consists of longitudinal layers of smooth muscle cells
d) the adventitia contains vasa et nervi vasorum and lymphatic vessels
B,d
Choose correct statements about muscular vein (medium sized):
a) the media consists of 40 concentric layers of elastic lamellae and smooth muscle
cells
b) contains the adventitia with collagenous components
c) its lumen diameter is up to 1 mm
d) the media is separated from the adventitia by means of strong, conspicuous
lamina elastica externa
B
Choose the correct statements:
a) the artery wall is normally thicker than the vein wall of the same calibre
b) the adventitia of artery consists of collagen and elastic fibres
c) in the wall of all vein types is present the internal and external elastic lamina
d) in the adventitia of vein wall of lower extremities can be present longitudinal
bundles of smooth muscle cells
A,b,d
Pericytes:
a) are cells of mesenchymal origin
b) represent modified cardiomyocytes
c) contain actin, myosin and tropomyosin
d) are located in the lumen of capillaries
A,c
Choose correct statements about blood sinusoids:
a) are present in intestine and muscle tissue
b) are localised in the liver and hematopoietic organs
c) their endothelial layer is fenestrated
d) in the sinusoids wall, macrophages are often present
B,c,d
Choose correct statements about blood capillaries:
a) their endothelial cells are polygonal with many microfilaments
b) the most frequent intercellular contacts are the maculae adherentes
c) are lined by endothelial cells
d) different organs have different density and total length of capillaries
A,c,d
Choose correct statements about veins:
a) the thickest layer of the vein wall is the tunica media
b) superficial veins of lower extremities contain valves
c) the vein adventitia can contain longitudinal smooth muscle bundles
d) vasa vasorum are more frequent in veins than in arteries
B,c,d
Arterioles:
a) femoral artery is an example of arteriole
b) are able to dilate (vasodilatation) and to constrict (vasoconstriction)
c) their endothelial cells contain von Willebrand factor
d) do not have zonula occludens connection between endothelial cells
B,c
Choose correct statements about blood vessels:
a) carotid sinuses contain baroreceptors
b) arteriovenous anastomoses participate in the regulation of blood flow
c) in the aortic media mainly collagen type I is present
d) endothellial cells of different vessels have different functional properties
A,b,d
Aorta:
a) contains endothelial cells without basal lamina
b) the media consists of concentric fenestrated elastic membranes
c) the adventitia is the thickest layer of the aortic wall
d) the media consists of concentric layers of elastic lamellae, smooth muscle cells
and collagen components
B,d
Choose correct statements about elastic artery:
a) in the media are located fenestrated elastic membranes
b) the intima is the thickest layer in the artery wall
c) in the adventitia vasa et nervi vasorum are present
d) contains structures which can be visualised by orcein staining
A,c,d
The heart wall:
a) consists of endocardium covered by mesothelium
b) contains fibrous skeleton – the site of cardiac muscle cells insertion
c) is innervated by autonomic nervous system
d) is composed of valves covered by different epithelia
B,c
The system generating and conducting impulse in the heart:
a) consists of modified multipolar motoneurons
b) its His bundle is formed by non-myelinated nervous fibres
c) is composed of Purkinje multipolar neuron
d) consists of modified cardiac muscle cells
D
Purkinje fibres:
a) consist of modified multipolar motoneurons
b) represent a part of the epicardium
c) are composed of modified cardiac muscle cells
d) are located in superior vena cava connection to heart
C
The heart valves:
a) are not present in common blood vessels
b) consist of a central part of dense fibrous connective tissue
c) are lined by mesothelial cells
d) their bases are inserted to the fibrous heart skeleton
A,b,d
Endocardium:
a) is formed by mesothelium and subendothelial layer
b) contains loose collagenous connective tissue
c) is created by duplicate of the intima of large arteries
d) represents the middle layer of the heart wall
B
Myocardium:
a) consists of spiral layers of cardiac muscle cells
b) has the same architecture as liver trabecules
c) contains vascularised endomysium
d) is lined by mesothelium
A,c
Cardiac muscle cells:
a) their modified type forms a part of conducting system in the heart
b) have one or two nuclei per cell
c) connections between them are desmosomes and gap junctions
d) can contain lipofuscin pigment
A,b,c,d
Choose correct statements about cardiac muscle:
a) its unit represents a fibre – syncytium
b) is composed of contractile apparatus together with mitochondria
c) units are connected by means of intercalated discs
d) diads consisting of T tubules and terminal cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum
B,c,d
Epicardium:
a) is covered by mesothelium
b) is formed by cardiac muscle cells and adipocytes
c) consits of loose colagenous connective tissue
d) creates an impulse generating and conducting system
A,c
Choose the correct statements:
a) cardiac muscle tissue transformes many hormones
b) the heart cavity and blood vessels are lined by endothelium
c) cardiac valves consist of central core of dense fibrous connective tissue and do
not have blood vessels
d) Purkinje fibres of modified cardiomyocytes are located in subendocardial layer
B,c,d
Choose the correct statement about the cardiovascular system:
a) the epicardium surface is lined by endothelial layer cells
b) the media of muscle type of artery is oriented longitudinally
c) fibrous skeleton consists of dense connective tissue
d) all capillaries contain discontinuous endothelial layer with fenestrations
C
The cardiac muscle:
a) its basic unit represents syncytial multinucleated fibre
b) contains a dense capillary network
c) has numerous mitochondria
d) has caveolae at the periphery
B,c
Choose the correct statements:
a) endocardium is covered by endothelium
b) the heart is innervated by means of autonomic nervous system
c) impulse generating and conducting system is located at the border between myo-
and epicardium
d) cardiac muscle represents a striated muscle type
A,b,d
Aorta:
a) the intima and the media is thicker in comparison with muscular type artery
b) the intima represents the thickest layer of vessel
c) the media is composed of fenestrated elastic membranes
d) its elastic tissue can be visualised by silver impregnation
A,c
The muscular type of artery:
a) consists of endothelium with invaginations – T tubules
b) its diameter is up to 0.5 mm
c) contains lamina elastica interna and externa
d) its intima has widely branched vasa vasorum
C
