Urinary System

Question 1

What are the organs of the urinary system?

Answer 1

• kidneys
• renal pelves
• ureter
• urinary bladder
• urethra

Question 2

Is the kidneys intraperitoneally?

Answer 2

No, they lie in the retroperitoneal space

Question 3

What two muscles are underlying the kidneys?

Answer 3

Posas major and quadratus lumborum

Question 4

There is an indentation by the vertebral column that the kidneys lie in. What is it called?

Answer 4

Lumbar gutter

Question 5

What is the renal sinus?

Answer 5

A cavity enclosed by renal parenchyma. It can be visualized after removing vessels, nerves, fat and renal pelvis. Projecting into the renal sinus are pyramidal elevations known as renal papillae.

Question 6

What two distinct regions can you find in the kidneys internal structure?

Answer 6

Renal medulla and renal cortex

Question 7

The renal medulla has what shapes?

Answer 7

Pyramidal

Question 8

What creates the renal medulla?

Answer 8

Straight segments of renal tubules

Question 9

The apices of renal medullary pyramids create what?

Answer 9

Renal papilla

Question 10

What does the renal papilla have as epithelium?

Answer 10

Cribiform area produced by the openings of papillary ducts

Question 11

What are the renal columns?

Answer 11

Extensions of the cortex between the medullary pyramids

Question 12

What are medullary rays?

Answer 12

Continuations of the medullary substance radiating from the bases of the pyramids towards the capsule

Question 13

What is the cortex corticis?

Answer 13

The cortical part containing the medullary rays

Question 14

What is the cortical labyrinth?

Answer 14

The part of the cortex with the renal columns

Question 15

Waste substances are carried to the kidneys by what artery?

Answer 15

Renal artery

Question 16

At what level does the renal artery spring from the abdominal aorta?

Answer 16

L1

Question 17

What veins drain the kidneys?

Answer 17

The renal vein

Question 18

What veins will join the left renal vein?

Answer 18

Left suprarrenal vein and left gonadal vein (testicular/ ovarian)

Question 19

What nerves innervates the kidneys?

Answer 19

Renal nerve plexus which arises from celiac plexus

Question 20

At what level does the superior pole of the kidney lie, and at what level does the inferior pole lie?

Answer 20

T12 and L3

Question 21

What branches does the segmental arteries in the kidneys give of?

Answer 21

Interlobar arteries and arcuate arteries

Question 22

Two nerves passes the kidneys posteriorly. Which ones?

Answer 22

Iliohypogastric and ilio-inguinal nerves

Question 23

What does the renal capsule consist of?

Answer 23

Renal fascia and perirenal fat capsule.

Question 24

Where is the renal fascia closed?

Answer 24

Around the posterior side and superior pole. Its inferior side is only closed by adipose tissue, and the medial side is open to let vessels and nerves enter the hilum of the kidney.

Question 25

What are the components of the renal pelvis?

Answer 25

Minor and major calices

Question 26

The ureter can be divided into three parts. Which?

Answer 26

Abdominal part, a pelvic part and a intramural part

Question 27

Which vessels supply the renal pelvis?

Answer 27

The renal artery and vein

Question 28

Which vessels supply the ureter?

Answer 28

The ureter in supplied by branches from surrounding arteries. Renal artery, testicular artery internal pudendal artery and superior vesicular artery. The arteries are accompanied by veins of the same name.

Question 29

Where is the first constriction of the ureter?

Answer 29

As it leaves the renal pelvis

Question 30

Which structures crosses over/under the ureter?

Answer 30

Under: genitofemoral nerve Over: testicular/ovarian artery Under: common iliac/external iliac

Question 31

What is the site of the second constriction of the ureter?

Answer 31

Where the ureter crosses over the iliac vessels

Question 32

What are the parts of the bladder?

Answer 32

Body, apex, fundus and neck of urethra

Question 33

Which ligament is attached to the apex of the bladder?

Answer 33

Median umbilical ligament

Question 34

What are the borders of the trigone of the bladder?

Answer 34

The two orifices of the ureters and the orifice of the urethra.

Question 35

What is the uvula of the bladder?

Answer 35

A conical elevation produced by the underlying prostate that project into the internal urethral orifice.

Question 36

Which arteries supply the urinary bladder?

Answer 36

Superior vesicle artery -> umbilical artery -> internal iliac Inferior vesicle artery -> internal iliac

Question 37

What veins drains the urinary bladder?

Answer 37

A vesical venous plexus, which then empty into the internal iliac vein

Question 38

In what ligament does the female ureters run?

Answer 38

Broad ligament of the uterus