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Anatomy II > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Origin, insertion, function and innervation of anterior scalene

A

Origin: scalene tubercle on first rib

Insertion: anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C3-C6

Function: ipsilateral contraction causes ipsilateral flexion of the neck. Bilateral contraction causes anterior flexion of the neck. Acts as accessory muscle of respiration.

Innervation: ventral rami of spinal nerves C3-C8.

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2
Q

Origin, insertion, function and innervation of middle scalene

A

Origin: behind the subclavian groove on the first rib.

Insertion: posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the C2-C7.

Function: ipsilateral contraction causes ipsilateral flexion of the neck. Bilateral contraction causes anterior flexion of the neck. Acts as accessory muscle of respiration.

Innervation: ventral rami of spinal nerves C3-C8.

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3
Q

Origin, insertion, function and innervation of posterior scalene

A

Origin: 2. Rib

Insertion: posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C2-C7.

Function: ipsilateral contraction causes ipsilateral flexion of the neck. Bilateral contraction causes anterior flexion of the neck. Acts as accessory muscle of respiration.

Innervation: ventral rami of spinal nerves C3-C8.

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4
Q

Origin, insertion, function and innervation of sternohyoid

A

Origin: inner side (posterior surface) of the manubrium and capsule of the sternoclavicular joint, and sometimes from the sternal end of the clavicle.

Insertion: lateral inner surface of the body of the hyoid bone.

Function: part of the infrahyoid muscles that depress the hyoid bone, taking part in swallowing, sucking, drinking and opening of the mouth.

Innervation: Ansa cervicalis profunda (cervical plexus C1-C3).

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5
Q

Origin, insertion, function and innervation of sternothyroid

A

Origin: inner side (posterior surface) of the manubrium and first rib cartilage.

Insertion: linea obliqua of the thyroid cartilage. It directly adjoins the thyroid capsule.

Function: part of the infrahyoid muscles that depress the hyoid bone, taking part in swallowing, sucking, drinking and opening of the mouth.

Innervation: Ansa cervicalis profunda (cervical plexus C1-C3).

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6
Q

Origin, insertion, function and innervation of thyrohyoid

A

Origin: linea obliqua of thyroid cartilage.

Insertion: body and greater horn of the hyoid bone.

Function: part of the infrahyoid muscles that depress the hyoid bone, taking part in swallowing, sucking, drinking and opening of the mouth.

Innervation: Ansa cervicalis profunda (cervical plexus C1-C3).

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7
Q

Origin, insertion, function and innervation of omohyoid

A

Origin:
Inferior belly: superior transverse scapular ligament (or thieme: arises from the superior margin of the superior margin of the scapula, adjacent to the scapular notch.)
Superior belly: body and greater horn of the hyoid bone

Insertion: tendon is connected to the sternoclavicular joint and veins.

Function: part of the infrahyoid muscles that depress the hyoid bone, taking part in swallowing, sucking, drinking and opening of the mouth.

Innervation: Ansa cervicalis profunda (cervical plexus C1-C3).

NB! According to thieme the superior belly arises from the tendon and attaches to the hyoid bone. Check w/ teacher

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8
Q

Origin, insertion, function and innervation of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Origin: one head from the sternum and one head from the clavicle.

Insertion: it is inserted into the mastoid process and the superior nucal line. There it has a tendinous connection with the origin of the trapezius.

Function: unilateral action of the sternocleidomastoid turns the head to the opposite side and bends it to the ipsilateral side, “ear comes close to the shoulder”. Bilateral contraction lifts the head. This muscle is often incorrectly called the flexor of the head. Finally, the sternocleidomastoid can be an accessory muscle of respiration if the head is fixed and the intercostal muscles paralyzed. If the intercostal muscles muscles are still functioning, however, the sternocleidomastoid does not become active.

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9
Q

What muscles are a part of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

The infrahyoid muscles are a group of four muscles: sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and omohyoid.

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10
Q

What is the function of the infrahyoid muscles?

A

The infrahyoid muscles depress the hyoid bone, taking part in swallowing, sucking, drinking and opening of the mouth. They also act on the mandible as well as the cervical spine.

All the infrahyoid muscles work together and specifically they may approximate the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone, or, when the mouth is opened, stabilize the laryngeal cartilages and the hyoid bone, or pull them downward.

Because of its relationship to the neurovascular trunk and middle cervical fascia, the omohyoid has the additional function of preventing pressure on the large underlying vein. It keeps the internal jugular vein patent, thereby aiding the return of blood from the head to the superior vena cava.

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11
Q

Which nerve innervates the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Deep cervical Ansa and thyrohyoid branch

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12
Q

In the carotid triangle, which veins fuse with the internal jugular vein?

A

Vena comitans of the hypoglossal nerve and superior thyroid vein joins the common facial vein, then the common facial vein joins the internal jugular vein.

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13
Q

The common carotid will bifurcate into two branches. What are they called?

A

External carotid artery and internal carotid artery

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14
Q

In the carotid triangle, which of the internal and external carotid arteries lies most anteriorly?

A

External carotid artery

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15
Q

In the common carotid triangle, which branches does the internal carotid have?

A

None

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16
Q

What is the first branch of the external carotid artery?

A

Superior thyroid artery

17
Q

What branches will the superior thyroid artery give off?

A
  • glandular branches
  • superior laryngeal artery
  • sternocleidomastoid branch (might also arise directly from the external carotid artery)
18
Q

What branches of the external carotid is it possible to detect inside the carotid triangle?

A
  • superior thyroid artery
  • lingual artery
  • facial artery
19
Q

What is the carotid body and where does it lie?

A

It lies in the angle of the bifurcation.

It is a paraganglion that is reached by sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.

20
Q

The hypoglossal nerve gives off a branch in its “angle” in the carotid triangle. What is that branch called?

A

Superior root of the “deep” Ansa cervicalis

21
Q

How many branches does the hypoglossal nerve give off in the carotid triangle?

A

Two.

  • the superior root of the deep Ansa cervicalis
  • the thyrohyoid branch
22
Q

A branch of the vagus nerve reaches the larynx together with the superior laryngeal artery. What is the name of this nerve?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve

23
Q

The vagus nerve runs between two structures in the carotid triangle. Which?

A

Internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein

24
Q

In the posterosuperior angle of the carotid triangle we can find a nerve. Which?

A

The external branch of the accessory nerve

25
Q

What are the borders of the carotid triangle?

A

Sternocleidomastoid, omohyoid and posterior belly of the digastric

26
Q

What are the borders of the omoclavicular triangle?

A

Inferior belly of the omohyoid, sternocleidomastoid and clavicle

27
Q

Which veins can you find in the omoclavicular triangle?

A

The superficial cervical vein and internal jugular vein form the brachiocephalic vein. The suprascapular vein also opens into the venous angle.

28
Q

What are the anterior branches of the external carotid?

A
  • superior thyroid artery
  • lingual artery
  • facial artery
29
Q

What are the medial branches of the external carotid?

A

Ascending pharyngeal

30
Q

What are the posterior branches of the external carotid?

A
  • Occipital artery

- Posterior auricular branch

31
Q

What are the branches of the lingual artery?

A
  • dorsal lingual branches
  • siblingual artery
  • deep lingual artery
32
Q

What are the branches of the facial artery?

A
  • ascending palatine artery
  • tonsillar branch
  • submental artery
  • superior and inferior labial arteries
  • Aguilar artery
33
Q

What structures does the superior thyroid artery supply?

A
  • thyroid gland
  • larynx
  • sternocleidomastoid
34
Q

What structures does the lingual artery supply?

A
  • base of tongue
  • oral cavity
  • tongue
  • epiglottis
  • oral floor
  • sublingual gland
35
Q

The external carotid terminates in two branches. What are they called?

A
  • Maxillary artery

- superficial temporal artery

36
Q

The maxillary artery can be divided into three parts. Which?

A
  • mandibular
  • pterygoid
  • pterygopalatine

Anatomy II (15 decks)

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