Liver

Question 1

Does the liver lie intraperitoneally?

Answer 1

Yes, except for the triangular bare area

Question 2

The falciform ligament attaches the liver to which structure?

Answer 2

The falciform ligament attaches the liver to the parietal perineum of the anterior abdominal wall.

Question 3

By what is the liver attached to the duodenum?

Answer 3

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 4

By what is the liver attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Answer 4

Hepatogastric ligament

Question 5

What surfaces does the liver have?

Answer 5

Diaphragmatic and visceral surface

Question 6

The falciform ligament divides the liver into what lobes?

Answer 6

Right and left

Question 7

The bare area is framed reflected peritoneum. The coronary ligament contains as what two structures?

Answer 7

Right and left triangular ligaments.

Question 8

The left triangular ligament terminates as what?

Answer 8

The fibrous appendix of the liver

Question 9

The coronary ligament form both triangular ligaments passes anteriorly to become continuous with…

Answer 9

The falciform ligament

Question 10

What is the porta hepatis?

Answer 10

Portal veins, two branches of the hepatic artery proper, nerves, right and left hepatic duct and lymphatic vessels

Question 11

What structures make up the H of the visceral surface of the liver?

Answer 11

Horizontal crossbar: porta hepatis
Left limb: fissure for round ligament
Right limb: fossa for the gallbladder and groove for the vena cava

Question 12

What is the round ligament (ligamentum teres) a remnant of?

Answer 12

The umbilical vein

Question 13

What is the ligamentum venous a remnant of?

Answer 13

Ductus venosus (duct of Arantius)

Question 14

The fissure for the round ligament divides the liver into which lobes?

Answer 14

Right and left

Question 15

The fossa for the gallbladder and groove for inferior vena cava divides the liver into which lobes?

Answer 15

It divides the right lobe from the caudate and quadrate lobe

Question 16

What are the impressions of the liver on the visceral surface?

Answer 16

Left lobe: esophageal impression, gastric impression

Right lobe: duodenal impression, colic impression, renal impression and suprarrenal impression

Question 17

From which arteries does the liver receive blood?

Answer 17

Hepatic artery proper, from the common hepatic artery. It divides into a left and a right branch

Question 18

Through which veins does the liver drain?

Answer 18

Through several short hepatic veins to the inferior vena cava

Question 19

What kind of blood does the portal vein bring to the liver?

Answer 19

Nutrient-rich blood from the gastro-intestinal tract

Question 20

Which nerves innervates the liver?

Answer 20

The hepatic plexus, which is a continuation of the celiac plexus

Question 21

What are the three major tributaries the hepatic portal vein receives blood from?

Answer 21

Splenic vein, inferior mesenteric vein and superior mesenteric vein

Question 22

Which veins drains into the splenic vein?

Answer 22

Pancreatic veins, short gastric veins and left gastro-omental vein

Question 23

Which veins empty into the superior mesenteric vein?

Answer 23

Jejunal and ileal veins, right gastro-omental vein, pancreatic veins, pancreaticoduodenal veins, ileocolic vein, right colic vein and middle colic vein

Question 24

Which veins empty into the inferior mesenteric vein?

Answer 24

Left colic vein, sigmoid veins and superior rectal veins

Question 25

Which vein travels in the superior duodenal fold?

Answer 25

Inferior mesenteric vein

Question 26

Which two veins merge to form the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 26

Splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein

Question 27

Which veins empty into the trunk of the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 27

Cystic vein, right and left gastric veins, prepyloric vein and paraumbilical veins

Question 28

In what three areas does the hepatic portal system meet the caval system?

Answer 28

Esophagus, abdominal wall and rectum

Question 29

How does the hepatic portal vein communicate with the caval system via the esophagus?

Answer 29

The gastric veins communicate with the esophageal veins, which drain via the azygos vein and hemiazygos vein into the superior vena cava.

Increased drainage to the esophageal veins can result in dilated blood vessels, known as esophageal varices

Question 30

How does the hepatic portal vein communicate with the caval system via the abdominal wall?

Answer 30

The hepatic portal vein is connected via paraumbilical veins with superficial veins of the abdomen that empty via the throacoepigastric veins into the superior vena cava.

An increased amount of blood volume to the abdominal region can cause dilation of superficial abdominal vessels and may result in a condition called caput medusae.

Question 31

How does the hepatic portal vein communicate with the caval system via the rectum?

Answer 31

The superior rectal vein, which emptied via the inferior mesenteric vein into the hepatic portal vein, connects with the middle and inferior rectal veins, which drains via the internal iliac vein to the inferior vena cava. A back-up of portal blood in this region can cause hemorrhoids