Head And Neck

Question 1

What are the borders of the oral cavity proper?

Answer 1

According to thieme:

Inferior: muscles of oral floor and adjacent tongue (mylohyoid most inferiorly)
Superiorly: hard and soft palate.
Posteriorly: palatoglossal arch
(Anteriorly: the teeth)

Question 2

Which glands empty into the oral vestibule?

Answer 2

• Parotid gland (parotid duct empty at the upper second molar tooth)
• Buccal glands
• Labial glands

Question 3

What is the role of the tongue?

Answer 3

From class: articulation and taste

From thieme: mastication, swallowing, speaking, taste and fine tactile discrimination.

Question 4

Where does the sublingual gland empty its content?

Answer 4

It has many smaller excretory ducts that opens on the submandibular fold or into the submandibular duct (Wharton´s duct)

Question 5

What empties into the sublingual carnucle (papilla)?

Answer 5

The sublingual duct and submandibular duct (Wharton´s duct)

Question 6

What is the structure called that ensure communication between the oral cavity proper and oral vestibule?

Answer 6

Retro molar fossa

Question 7

Where is the oral vestibule located?

Answer 7

Between the cheeks and teeth

Question 8

What are the muscles that make up the soft palate?

Answer 8

• Tensor veil palatini
• Levator veil palatini
• Musculus uvulae

Question 9

What are the functions of tensor veli palatini

Answer 9

It tightens the soft palate and simultaneously opens the inlet to the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube

Question 10

What is the function of levator veli palatini?

Answer 10

It raises the soft palate to a horizontal position

Question 11

(Not from class)

What is the aponeurosis that connects the muscles of the soft palate called?

Answer 11

Palatine aponeurosis

Question 12

What are the papillae of the tongue?

Answer 12

• Circum vallate
• Fungiform
• Filiform
• Foliate

Question 13

(Not from class)

What is the forarmen cecum?

Answer 13

Vestige of embryological migration of the thyroid gland

Question 14

What is the deep furrow dividing the tongue into anterior and posterior parts (or root and dorsum) called?

Answer 14

Sulcus terminalis

Question 15

Where is the palatine tonsil located?

Answer 15

Between the palatoglossal fold and the palatopharyngeal fold

Question 16

What are the two arches in the posterior of oral cavity proper called?

Answer 16

Palatoglossal fold and palatopharyngeal fold

Question 17

What is the faucial isthmus (isthmus of fauces)?

Answer 17

The throat (between the uvulae and epiglottis/ the boundary of the oral cavity with the pharynx; the palatopharyngeal arch)

The fauces communicate with the pharynx through the faucial isthmus.

Question 18

What are the folds that connect the tongue and the epiglottis called? What is the depressions between these folds called?

Answer 18

Medial and lateral glossoepiglottic folds

Epiglottic valleculae

Question 19

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 19

Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus
Palatoglossus

Question 20

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 20

Vertical
Transverse
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal

Question 21

Name the nerves that give MOTORinnervation to the tongue

Answer 21

Hypoglossal nerve (XII) and vagus (X) (vagus only innervates palatoglossus)

Question 22

Which nerve innervates the palatoglossus?

Answer 22

Vagus (X)

Question 23

Which nerve innervates the motorinnervation of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 23

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Question 24

Which nerve innervates the epiglottis for special sensory (taste)?

Answer 24

Vagus (X)

Question 25

Which nerve innervates the epiglottis to give general sensation (somatic)?

Answer 25

Vagus (x)

Question 26

Which nerve gives special sensation (taste) to the root of the tongue (posterior 1/3)?

Answer 26

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Question 27

Which nerve gives general sensation (somatic) to the dorsum/body of the tongue (anterior 2/3)?

Answer 27

Lingual nerve (branch of mandibular, which again is a branch of trigeminal)

Question 28

Which nerve gives general sensation (somatic) to the root of the tongue (posterior 1/3)?

Answer 28

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Question 29

Which nerve gives special sensation (taste) to the dorsum/body of the tongue (anterior 2/3)?

Answer 29

Facial nerve VII (chorda tympani)

Question 30

What can you find in the medial lingual fossa?

Answer 30

- Lingual artery | - Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 31

What can you find in the lateral lingual fossa?

Answer 31

- Lingual nerve - Hypoglossal nerve - Deep lingual vein - Submandibular duct (Wharton´s)

Question 32

What categories can we divide the pharynx into?

Answer 32

Nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx OR Epipharynx, mesopharynx and hypopharynx

Question 33

What are the two folds of the torus tubarius called?

Answer 33

Salpingopharyngeal fold and salpinopalatine fold

Question 34

What muscle lies in the salpingopalatine fold and what is its function?

Answer 34

Levator veli palatini. It raises the soft palate into a horizontal position.

Question 35

What “canal” can be found in torus tubarius?

Answer 35

Pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube

Question 36

What membrane lies behind the pharyngeal tonsil?

Answer 36

Pharyngobasiliar membrane

Question 37

What is the name of the fascia that lies behind the pharynx?

Answer 37

Buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 38

What is the name of the fascia that lies ventrally to the vertebra?

Answer 38

Prevertebral fascia

Question 39

What is the name of the two spaces divided by the alar fascia?

Answer 39

Retropharyngeal space and danger space

Question 40

(Not in class) | From where to where does the pharynx extend?

Answer 40

It extends from its attachment at the base of the cranium to the level of the cricoid cartilage, where it becomes continuous with the esophagus.

Question 41

(Not from class) | What four layers is the larynx composed of?

Answer 41

Mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer and connective tissue adventitia.

Question 42

Name ALL of the constrictors of the pharynx

Answer 42

Superior: - Pterygopharyngeus - Buccopharyngeus - Mylopharyngeus - Glossopharyngeus Middle: - Chondropharyngeus - Ceratopharyngeus Inferior: - Thyropharyngeus - Cricopharyngeus

Question 43

Name the superior constrictors of the pharynx

Answer 43

Superior: - Pterygopharyngeus - Buccopharyngeus - Mylopharyngeus - Glossopharyngeus

Question 44

Name the inferior constrictors of the pharynx

Answer 44

Inferior: - Thyropharyngeus - Cricopharyngeus

Question 45

Name the middle constrictors of the pharynx

Answer 45

Middle: - Chondropharyngeus - Ceratopharyngeus

Question 46

Name the elevators of the pharynx

Answer 46

- Stylopharyngeus - Palatopharyngeus - Salpingopharyngeus

Question 47

What nerves innervates the pharynx? (Both constrictors ands elevators)

Answer 47

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) and vagus nerve (X)

Question 48

What is the function of the pharyngeal constrictors?

Answer 48

They act to narrow the pharynx and elevate the larynx and hyoid bone

Question 49

(Not from class) Where does the superior, middle and inferior muscles of the pharynx originate from?

Answer 49

Superior: base of cranium by the pharyngobasiliar fascia, which attaches to the pharyngeal tubercle on the skull. Middle: hyoid bone. Inferior: thyroid and cricoid catilages.

Question 50

(Not from the class) | What is the pharyngeal raphe?

Answer 50

Tough connective tissue where the muscles of the pharynx meet in the midline. Attaches to the pharyngeal tubercle.

Question 51

What are the constructions of the esophagus?

Answer 51

Upper: the cricoid construction/ pharyngoesophageal constriction. C5-C6 Middle: aortobronchial constriction/ thoracic constriction. T4 Lower: diaphragmatic constriction/ phrenic constriction. T10