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Anatomy II > Head And Neck > Flashcards

Head And Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the oral cavity proper?

A

According to thieme:

Inferior: muscles of oral floor and adjacent tongue (mylohyoid most inferiorly)
Superiorly: hard and soft palate.
Posteriorly: palatoglossal arch
(Anteriorly: the teeth)

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2
Q

Which glands empty into the oral vestibule?

A
  • Parotid gland (parotid duct empty at the upper second molar tooth)
  • Buccal glands
  • Labial glands
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3
Q

What is the role of the tongue?

A

From class: articulation and taste

From thieme: mastication, swallowing, speaking, taste and fine tactile discrimination.

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4
Q

Where does the sublingual gland empty its content?

A

It has many smaller excretory ducts that opens on the submandibular fold or into the submandibular duct (Wharton´s duct)

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5
Q

What empties into the sublingual carnucle (papilla)?

A

The sublingual duct and submandibular duct (Wharton´s duct)

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6
Q

What is the structure called that ensure communication between the oral cavity proper and oral vestibule?

A

Retro molar fossa

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7
Q

Where is the oral vestibule located?

A

Between the cheeks and teeth

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8
Q

What are the muscles that make up the soft palate?

A
  • Tensor veil palatini
  • Levator veil palatini
  • Musculus uvulae
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9
Q

What are the functions of tensor veli palatini

A

It tightens the soft palate and simultaneously opens the inlet to the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube

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10
Q

What is the function of levator veli palatini?

A

It raises the soft palate to a horizontal position

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11
Q

(Not from class)

What is the aponeurosis that connects the muscles of the soft palate called?

A

Palatine aponeurosis

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12
Q

What are the papillae of the tongue?

A
  • Circum vallate
  • Fungiform
  • Filiform
  • Foliate
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13
Q

(Not from class)

What is the forarmen cecum?

A

Vestige of embryological migration of the thyroid gland

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14
Q

What is the deep furrow dividing the tongue into anterior and posterior parts (or root and dorsum) called?

A

Sulcus terminalis

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15
Q

Where is the palatine tonsil located?

A

Between the palatoglossal fold and the palatopharyngeal fold

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16
Q

What are the two arches in the posterior of oral cavity proper called?

A

Palatoglossal fold and palatopharyngeal fold

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17
Q

What is the faucial isthmus (isthmus of fauces)?

A

The throat (between the uvulae and epiglottis/ the boundary of the oral cavity with the pharynx; the palatopharyngeal arch)

The fauces communicate with the pharynx through the faucial isthmus.

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18
Q

What are the folds that connect the tongue and the epiglottis called? What is the depressions between these folds called?

A

Medial and lateral glossoepiglottic folds

Epiglottic valleculae

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19
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus
Palatoglossus

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20
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Vertical
Transverse
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal

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21
Q

Name the nerves that give MOTORinnervation to the tongue

A

Hypoglossal nerve (XII) and vagus (X) (vagus only innervates palatoglossus)

22
Q

Which nerve innervates the palatoglossus?

A

Vagus (X)

23
Q

Which nerve innervates the motorinnervation of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

24
Q

Which nerve innervates the epiglottis for special sensory (taste)?

A

Vagus (X)

25
Q

Which nerve innervates the epiglottis to give general sensation (somatic)?

A

Vagus (x)

26
Q

Which nerve gives special sensation (taste) to the root of the tongue (posterior 1/3)?

A

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

27
Q

Which nerve gives general sensation (somatic) to the dorsum/body of the tongue (anterior 2/3)?

A

Lingual nerve (branch of mandibular, which again is a branch of trigeminal)

28
Q

Which nerve gives general sensation (somatic) to the root of the tongue (posterior 1/3)?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

29
Q

Which nerve gives special sensation (taste) to the dorsum/body of the tongue (anterior 2/3)?

A

Facial nerve VII (chorda tympani)

30
Q

What can you find in the medial lingual fossa?

A
  • Lingual artery

- Glossopharyngeal nerve

31
Q

What can you find in the lateral lingual fossa?

A
  • Lingual nerve
  • Hypoglossal nerve
  • Deep lingual vein
  • Submandibular duct (Wharton´s)
32
Q

What categories can we divide the pharynx into?

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

OR

Epipharynx, mesopharynx and hypopharynx

33
Q

What are the two folds of the torus tubarius called?

A

Salpingopharyngeal fold and salpinopalatine fold

34
Q

What muscle lies in the salpingopalatine fold and what is its function?

A

Levator veli palatini. It raises the soft palate into a horizontal position.

35
Q

What “canal” can be found in torus tubarius?

A

Pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube

36
Q

What membrane lies behind the pharyngeal tonsil?

A

Pharyngobasiliar membrane

37
Q

What is the name of the fascia that lies behind the pharynx?

A

Buccopharyngeal fascia

38
Q

What is the name of the fascia that lies ventrally to the vertebra?

A

Prevertebral fascia

39
Q

What is the name of the two spaces divided by the alar fascia?

A

Retropharyngeal space and danger space

40
Q

(Not in class)

From where to where does the pharynx extend?

A

It extends from its attachment at the base of the cranium to the level of the cricoid cartilage, where it becomes continuous with the esophagus.

41
Q

(Not from class)

What four layers is the larynx composed of?

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer and connective tissue adventitia.

42
Q

Name ALL of the constrictors of the pharynx

A

Superior:

  • Pterygopharyngeus
  • Buccopharyngeus
  • Mylopharyngeus
  • Glossopharyngeus

Middle:

  • Chondropharyngeus
  • Ceratopharyngeus

Inferior:

  • Thyropharyngeus
  • Cricopharyngeus
43
Q

Name the superior constrictors of the pharynx

A

Superior:

  • Pterygopharyngeus
  • Buccopharyngeus
  • Mylopharyngeus
  • Glossopharyngeus
44
Q

Name the inferior constrictors of the pharynx

A

Inferior:

  • Thyropharyngeus
  • Cricopharyngeus
45
Q

Name the middle constrictors of the pharynx

A

Middle:

  • Chondropharyngeus
  • Ceratopharyngeus
46
Q

Name the elevators of the pharynx

A
  • Stylopharyngeus
  • Palatopharyngeus
  • Salpingopharyngeus
47
Q

What nerves innervates the pharynx? (Both constrictors ands elevators)

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) and vagus nerve (X)

48
Q

What is the function of the pharyngeal constrictors?

A

They act to narrow the pharynx and elevate the larynx and hyoid bone

49
Q

(Not from class)

Where does the superior, middle and inferior muscles of the pharynx originate from?

A

Superior: base of cranium by the pharyngobasiliar fascia, which attaches to the pharyngeal tubercle on the skull.

Middle: hyoid bone.

Inferior: thyroid and cricoid catilages.

50
Q

(Not from the class)

What is the pharyngeal raphe?

A

Tough connective tissue where the muscles of the pharynx meet in the midline. Attaches to the pharyngeal tubercle.

51
Q

What are the constructions of the esophagus?

A

Upper: the cricoid construction/ pharyngoesophageal constriction. C5-C6

Middle: aortobronchial constriction/ thoracic constriction. T4

Lower: diaphragmatic constriction/ phrenic constriction. T10

Anatomy II (15 decks)

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