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Anatomy II > Teeth > Flashcards

Teeth Flashcards

1
Q

What are the parts of the tooth and what are the tissues of the tooth?

A

Parts: crown and root

Tissues: enamel, dentin and pulp

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2
Q

What is the anatomical crown and what is the clinical crown?

A

Anatomical: the part covered by enamel
Clinical: The part visible in the oral cavity

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3
Q

What is the function of the enamel?

A

To protect the teeth from stress during mastication

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4
Q

What type of cells produce enamel?

A

Ameloblasts/adamantoblasts. The cells are of ectodermal origin.

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5
Q

What are the ratio of inorganic and organic matter in enamel?

A

98% inorganic, 2% organic

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6
Q

What is the major inorganic component of enamel?

A

Calcium and phosphate, forming apatite crystals Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6

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7
Q

Name the organic components of enamel

A

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, citrates, water

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8
Q

What type of cells produce dentin?

A

Odontoblasts (neural crest origin)

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9
Q

What are the inorganic components of dentin?

A

Calcium, phosphate, magnesium, carbonate sodium, chloride, fluor

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10
Q

What are the organic components of dentin?

A

Collagen (I and V), proteoglycans, phosphophorine, phospholipids, cholesterin

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11
Q

Where in a histology slide can you find odontoblasts?

A

In the outer surface of the dental pulp

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12
Q

What are Tomes fibers?

A

Odontoblast cytoplasmic processes

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13
Q

What is primary dentin?

A

A dentin formed before the completion of the apical forarmen of the root. Primary dentin has regular patterns of tubules.

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14
Q

What is secondary dentin?

A

A dentin formed after the completion of the apical forarmen and continues to form through the life of the tooth.

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15
Q

What is tertiary dentin?

A

It is formed as a reaction to external stimulation, such as cavities. There are two types of tertiary dentin:

  • reactionary
  • reparative
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16
Q

What is the primary function of the pulp?

A

The primary function if formative; it gives rise to odontoblasts that not only form dentin, but also interact with dental epithelium early in tooth development to initiate the formation of enamel.

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17
Q

What is the secondary function of the pulp?

A

Sensitivity, hydration and defense.

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18
Q

How many teeth does an adult have?

A

32

19
Q

How many teeth does a child have?

A

20

20
Q

How many teeth are in a quadrant of an adult?

A

8.

1 central incisor
1 lateral incisor
1 canine
2 premolars
3 molars
21
Q

How many teeth are in a quadrant of a child?

A

5.

1 central incisor
1 lateral incisor
1 canine
2 molars

22
Q

What are the three phases of teeth development?

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Morphogenesis
  3. Histogenesis
23
Q

What happens during initiation?

A

The sites of the future teeth are established with the appearance of tooth germs along an invagination of the oral epithelium called the dental lamina.

24
Q

What happens during morphogenesis?

A

The shape of the tooth is determined by a combination of cell proliferation and cell movement.

25
Q

What happens during histogenesis?

A

Differentiation of cells to form dental tissues, both mineralized (enamel, dentin, cementum) and unmineralized (dental pulp, periodontum)

26
Q

When does tooth formation first occur?

A

Tooth formation occurs in the 6th week of intrauterine life with the formation of the primary epithelial band

27
Q

During 7th week the epithelial band divides into two. What?

A

A lingualy located process called the dental lamina. This will contribute to the development of the teeth.

A buccally located process called the vestibular lamina. This will contribute to the formation of the vestibule of the mouth (lips and cheeks).

28
Q

All deciduous teeth (milk teeth) arise from what?

A

The dental lamina

29
Q

The primitive oral cavity (stomodeum) is lined by stratified squamous epithelium called …?

A

Oral ectoderm

30
Q

The oral ectoderm contacts the endoderm of the foregut to form the …?

A

Buccopharyngeal membrane

31
Q

Most of the connective tissue cells underlying the oral ectoderm are of what origin?

A

Ectomesenchyme

32
Q

When does the early cap stage begin?

A

Week 11

33
Q

What happens at the early cap stage?

A

The enamel organ invaginate to form a cap-shaped structure

34
Q

In the cap stage, what do we call the epithelia of the enamel structure?

A

External enamel epithelium and internal enamel epithelium

35
Q

When does the late cap stage begin?

A

Week 12

36
Q

The central cells of the enamel organ separate during late cap stage to form a tissue called …?

A

Stellate reticulum

37
Q

In the late cap stage what are the cell shapes of external and internal enamel epithelium?

A

External enamel epithelium: cuboidal

Internal enamel epithelium: columnar

38
Q

The mesenchyme lying beneath the internal enamel epithelium is termed the … ?

A

Dental papilla

39
Q

The mesenchyme surrounding the tooth germ is termed the …?

A

Dental follicle

40
Q

When does the early bell stage begin?

A

Week 14

41
Q

How does the external enamel epithelium cells communicate with each other?

A

Through desmosomes and gap junctions

42
Q

What happens at the cervical loop?

A

The cervical loop is at which there is considerable mitotic activity. It lies at the growing margin of the enamel organ where the external enamel epithelium is continuous with the internal enamel epithelium.

43
Q

When is the stellate reticulum most fully developed?

A

At the bell stage

44
Q

In histological sections, what does the stellate reticulum look like?

A

The cells are star-shaped with bodies containing nuclei and many branching processes. It looks as if the cells are separated, but they communicate through desmosomes and gap junctions.

Anatomy II (15 decks)

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