Urinary System Flashcards
Functional unit of kidney
Nephron
1 mil/kidney
Macrophages of kidney
Mesangial cells
Pathway of filtration in a nephron (6)
Afferent BV Glomerulus PCT Loop of henle DCT Collecting duct
Lining of renal tubules
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Renal corpuscle is made up of (2)
Bowmanโs capsule
Glomerular capillaries
Capsule covering the glomerular capillaries
Bowmanโs capsule
Filtering unit of glomerulus
Podocytes
Cluster of capillaries where blood is filtered
Glomerular capillaries (glomerulus)
2/3 of filtrate are reabsorbed here
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
DCT changes its function depending on the hormone present (3)
Aldosterone
ADH
PTH
Collects filtered urine
Drains to the ______
Collecting tubules
Minor calyx
Receives filtrates from collecting tubules
Minor calyx
Receives filtrates from major calyx
Renal pelvis
Brings uterine towards ureter going to the bladder
Renal pelvis
Regulates blood volume
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Cell that detects NaCl concentration in DCT
Macula densa cells of DCT
Responsible for tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF)
Macula densa cells of DCT
If high NaCl cxn in DCT, signals afferent arterioles to _____
Constrict
If low NaCl cxn in DCT, signals afferent arterioles to _____ and _____ to release renin
Dilate
Juxtaglomerular cells
Juxtaglomerular cells is found along ____
Afferent arterioles
Stimulus for RENIN secretion
Low NaCl cxn in DCT
Low BP
Dec renal blood flow - dec GFR
Sympathetic activation
Major Na ion regulator
Aldosterone
Glomerular filtration rate
125 ml/min
Average daily urine output
1.5-2 L a day
Most specific in determining GFR
Creatinine
Almost completely reabsorbed in PCT
Glucose
Amino acid
Urinary bladder capacity
500 ml
Urinary bladder lining
Transitional epithelium
Urine pigment
Urobilin
Uric acid crystals came from
Purine
Adenine
Guanine
Which is lower right or left kidney
Right bec of liver
Vessel that goes to nephron (with blood)
Afferent BV
Renal corpuscles aka
Malphigian corpuscle
Filtrate basic composition (4)
Water
Electrolytes
Glucose
AA
Other term for ADH
Vasopressin
Specific BV adjacent to nephron
Vasa recta
PCT allow reabsorption of ___ of filtrate
2/3
Filtrate go back to vasa recta
Percentage of glucose and amino acid from PCT goes back to blood
99%
*Has counter current mechanism of nephron
Loop of henle
Part of loop of Henle where wall is very permeable to water and comes out due to _____
Thin descending segment of loop of Henle
High osmotic pressure of medulla
What do you call when filtrate becomes concentrated due to high osmotic pressure of medulla
Concentrated segments (Decending loop of Henle) Since nawawala yung water
Reason for medulla to be hypersoluble
Bec of ION PUMPS that pump out solutes
Part of loop of Henle where wall is not permeable to water
And has _____ that pumps out Na, K, Cl and go towards medulla
Thick Ascending Segment of Loop of Henle
Ion pumps
Filtrate in ascending segment becomes ____
Diluted
Diluting segment
*how many segments for kidney
5
H20 reabsorption
ADH
Na reabsorption
Aldosterone
Ca reabsorption
PTH
Influences blood pressure and solutes
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
2 cells present in juxtaglomerular apparatus
Macula densa cells of DCT
Juxtaglomerular cells
DCT and glomerulus feedback
Tubuloglomerular feedback
High cxn in DCT signals afferent arterioles to _____
High NaCl - Low blood vol- low urine output - low GFR
Constrict
Low cxn in DCT signals afferent arterioles to ____
low NaCl - highblood vol- high urine output - highGFR (more water, more wiwi)
Also signals Juxtaglomerular cells to release ____
Dilate
Renin
Secretes renin
Juxtaglomerular cells
- stimulus for RENIN secretion
Low NaCl cxn in DCT
Low BP
Dec renal blood flow - dec GFR
Sympathetic activation
*location of baroreceptors
Carotid sinus
Aortic sinus
Detects BP
Baroreceptors
Na ion regulator and BP regulator
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
Major Na ion reguulator
Aldosterone
Angiotensin I is converted into angiotensin II by
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) from lungs
Angiotensin II causes ____ of arterioles and stimulate secretion of _______ in adrenal cortex
Vasoconstriction
Aldosterone
*renal threshold for Glucosuria
160-180 mg/dl - common to diabetic px
Why is urinary bladder transitional in epithelium?
Relax or empty - cuboidal
Full or stretch - squamous
Determines GFR aside from creatine (2)
BUN -blood urea nitrogen
Inulin