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Board Exam Questions 🌸 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Functional unit of kidney

A

Nephron

1 mil/kidney

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2
Q

Macrophages of kidney

A

Mesangial cells

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3
Q

Pathway of filtration in a nephron (6)

A 
Afferent BV
Glomerulus
PCT
Loop of henle
DCT 
Collecting duct
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4
Q

Lining of renal tubules

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

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5
Q

Renal corpuscle is made up of (2)

A

Bowman’s capsule

Glomerular capillaries

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6
Q

Capsule covering the glomerular capillaries

A

Bowman’s capsule

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7
Q

Filtering unit of glomerulus

A

Podocytes

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8
Q

Cluster of capillaries where blood is filtered

A

Glomerular capillaries (glomerulus)

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9
Q

2/3 of filtrate are reabsorbed here

A

Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

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10
Q

DCT changes its function depending on the hormone present (3)

A

Aldosterone
ADH
PTH

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11
Q

Collects filtered urine

Drains to the ______

A

Collecting tubules

Minor calyx

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12
Q

Receives filtrates from collecting tubules

A

Minor calyx

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13
Q

Receives filtrates from major calyx

A

Renal pelvis

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14
Q

Brings uterine towards ureter going to the bladder

A

Renal pelvis

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15
Q

Regulates blood volume

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

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16
Q

Cell that detects NaCl concentration in DCT

A

Macula densa cells of DCT

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17
Q

Responsible for tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF)

A

Macula densa cells of DCT

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18
Q

If high NaCl cxn in DCT, signals afferent arterioles to _____

A

Constrict

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19
Q

If low NaCl cxn in DCT, signals afferent arterioles to _____ and _____ to release renin

A

Dilate

Juxtaglomerular cells

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20
Q

Juxtaglomerular cells is found along ____

A

Afferent arterioles

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21
Q

Stimulus for RENIN secretion

A

Low NaCl cxn in DCT
Low BP
Dec renal blood flow - dec GFR
Sympathetic activation

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22
Q

Major Na ion regulator

A

Aldosterone

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23
Q

Glomerular filtration rate

A

125 ml/min

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24
Q

Average daily urine output

A

1.5-2 L a day

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25
Q

Most specific in determining GFR

A

Creatinine

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26
Q

Almost completely reabsorbed in PCT

A

Glucose

Amino acid

27
Q

Urinary bladder capacity

A

500 ml

28
Q

Urinary bladder lining

A

Transitional epithelium

29
Q

Urine pigment

A

Urobilin

30
Q

Uric acid crystals came from

A

Purine
Adenine
Guanine

31
Q

Which is lower right or left kidney

A

Right bec of liver

32
Q

Vessel that goes to nephron (with blood)

A

Afferent BV

33
Q

Renal corpuscles aka

A

Malphigian corpuscle

34
Q

Filtrate basic composition (4)

A

Water
Electrolytes
Glucose
AA

35
Q

Other term for ADH

A

Vasopressin

36
Q

Specific BV adjacent to nephron

A

Vasa recta

37
Q

PCT allow reabsorption of ___ of filtrate

A

2/3

Filtrate go back to vasa recta

38
Q

Percentage of glucose and amino acid from PCT goes back to blood

A

99%

39
Q

*Has counter current mechanism of nephron

A

Loop of henle

40
Q

Part of loop of Henle where wall is very permeable to water and comes out due to _____

A

Thin descending segment of loop of Henle

High osmotic pressure of medulla

41
Q

What do you call when filtrate becomes concentrated due to high osmotic pressure of medulla

A 
Concentrated segments (Decending loop of Henle)
Since nawawala yung water
42
Q

Reason for medulla to be hypersoluble

A

Bec of ION PUMPS that pump out solutes

43
Q

Part of loop of Henle where wall is not permeable to water

And has _____ that pumps out Na, K, Cl and go towards medulla

A

Thick Ascending Segment of Loop of Henle

Ion pumps

44
Q

Filtrate in ascending segment becomes ____

A

Diluted

Diluting segment

45
Q

*how many segments for kidney

A

5

46
Q

H20 reabsorption

A

ADH

47
Q

Na reabsorption

A

Aldosterone

48
Q

Ca reabsorption

A

PTH

49
Q

Influences blood pressure and solutes

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

50
Q

2 cells present in juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

Macula densa cells of DCT

Juxtaglomerular cells

51
Q

DCT and glomerulus feedback

A

Tubuloglomerular feedback

52
Q

High cxn in DCT signals afferent arterioles to _____

High NaCl - Low blood vol- low urine output - low GFR

A

Constrict

53
Q

Low cxn in DCT signals afferent arterioles to ____
low NaCl - highblood vol- high urine output - highGFR (more water, more wiwi)

Also signals Juxtaglomerular cells to release ____

A

Dilate

Renin

54
Q

Secretes renin

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

55
Q
  • stimulus for RENIN secretion
A

Low NaCl cxn in DCT
Low BP
Dec renal blood flow - dec GFR
Sympathetic activation

56
Q

*location of baroreceptors

A

Carotid sinus

Aortic sinus

57
Q

Detects BP

A

Baroreceptors

58
Q

Na ion regulator and BP regulator

A

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

59
Q

Major Na ion reguulator

A

Aldosterone

60
Q

Angiotensin I is converted into angiotensin II by

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) from lungs

61
Q

Angiotensin II causes ____ of arterioles and stimulate secretion of _______ in adrenal cortex

A

Vasoconstriction

Aldosterone

62
Q

*renal threshold for Glucosuria

A

160-180 mg/dl - common to diabetic px

63
Q

Why is urinary bladder transitional in epithelium?

A

Relax or empty - cuboidal

Full or stretch - squamous

64
Q

Determines GFR aside from creatine (2)

A

BUN -blood urea nitrogen

Inulin

Board Exam Questions 🌸 (21 decks)

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