Anesthesiology Flashcards
Local anesthesia blocks ___ sensations
Motor and sensory
LA blocks ___ channels intracellular or extracellular
Na channels
From outside to inside (intracellular)
Water soluble form
Ionized form
Carpules are made from what form
Water soluble to be in an injectable form
<7 ph - acidic = ____ inc or dec Hydrogen
> 7 ph - basic = ______
Increase
Decrease
Determines acidity of a compound
PKa
Low pka = ____ acidic or basic = more hydrogen or less
More acidic
More hydrogen
Lidocaine pKa
7.8
If tissue is acidic LA will be more or less effective
Less effective
More water sol
Order of loss of sensation
Si PaT nag ToPS
Pain Temp Touch Pressure Skeletal muscle tone
Anesthetic adverse rxns (2)
Toxicity
Allergies
Causes of toxicity (3)
Rapid induction of LA
vessel deposition
Overdosage
LA can cause allergic rxns due to (2)
Methylparaben
Sodium bisulfite
Management of Syncope
Tredelenburg
Maximum carpule for normal px
7
Preservative of LA
Methylparaben
Antioxidant of vasoconstrictor
Sodium bisulfite
Ester has highest incidence of LA allergic rxn due to ____
PABA metabolite - similar to methyl paraben
Effects of vasoconstrictor (3)
Inc duration of effect of LA
Reduce toxicity
Reduce bleeding
Max dosage of vasoconstrictor
0.2 g or 200 mcg
Max dosage of vasoconstrictors for cardiovascular compromised px
0.04 mg
40 mcg
All LA are vasodilators except
Cocaine
Brand name of lidocaine
Xylocaine
Lignocaine