Urinary System Flashcards
what is the kidney referred to as
excretory organ
what does the kidney excrete
nitrogenous wastes
what does the kidney maintain
balance of electrolytes, acid bases and fluids in the blood
what is urine continuously formed by
kidneys
what is urine routed down
ureters
what is the mechanism of routing urine
peristalsis
what is the storage organ of urine
bladder
how is the urine conducted to the exterior of the body
urethra
how big is the urethra in men and women
male: 20 cm women:4 cm
what is voiding or emptying of the bladder called
micturation
what components does voiding have
voluntary and involuntary
what is the voluntary sphincter called
external sphincter
inability to control the external sphincter is called what
incontience
what is the function of the fat cushion surrounding the kidneys
anchors the kidneys to the dorsal body wall
what is it called when the kidneys fall to an inferior position in the abdominal cavity
ptosis
why is incontinence normal in young children
they do not yet have muscle control over the voluntary sphincter
what leads to incontinence in adults
pregnancy, infection, nerve damage, and emotional problems
what is the smooth membrane tightly adherent to the kidney surface
fibrous capsule
portion of the kidney containing the mostly collecting ducts
medulla
portion of the kidney containing the bulk of nephron structures
cortex
superficial region of the kidney tissue
cortex
basinlike area of the kidney, continuous with the ureter
renal pelvis
cup shaped extension of the pelvis that encircles the apex of a pyramid
minor calyx
area of cortical tissue running between the medullary pyramids
renal column
capillary specialized for filtration
glomerulus
capillary specialized for reabsorption
peritubular capillary
cuplike part of renal corpuscle
glomerular capsule
location of macula densa
nephron loop(ascending limb)
primary site of tubular reabsorption
proximal convoluted tubule
receives urine from many nephrons
collecting duct
why is the glomerulus a high pressure capillary bed
arterioles are high pressured vessels and they feed and drain the glomerulus
how does the high pressure of the glomerulus help its function
higher capillary pressure leads to an increased amount of filtrate formation
what helps certain tubule cells reabsorb substances from the filtrate
dense microvilli
what happens during tubular secretion
its the process of moving cells from the capillary into the tubule filtrate
why is tubular secretion important
it gets rid of substances that need to go in the filtrate and changes the pH
what is juxtaglomerular complex
macula densa cells of the distal convoluted tubule and granular cells of the afferent arteriole that regulate filtrate formation and blood pressure
what is important functionally about the specialized epithelium in the bladder
cells move on top of eachother when bladder fills which increases the volume and decreases the bladder wall thickness
