Urinary System

Question 1

what is the kidney referred to as

Answer 1

excretory organ

Question 2

what does the kidney excrete

Answer 2

nitrogenous wastes

Question 3

what does the kidney maintain

Answer 3

balance of electrolytes, acid bases and fluids in the blood

Question 4

what is urine continuously formed by

Answer 4

kidneys

Question 5

what is urine routed down

Answer 5

ureters

Question 6

what is the mechanism of routing urine

Answer 6

peristalsis

Question 7

what is the storage organ of urine

Answer 7

bladder

Question 8

how is the urine conducted to the exterior of the body

Answer 8

urethra

Question 9

how big is the urethra in men and women

Answer 9

male: 20 cm women:4 cm

Question 10

what is voiding or emptying of the bladder called

Answer 10

micturation

Question 11

what components does voiding have

Answer 11

voluntary and involuntary

Question 12

what is the voluntary sphincter called

Answer 12

external sphincter

Question 13

inability to control the external sphincter is called what

Answer 13

incontience

Question 14

what is the function of the fat cushion surrounding the kidneys

Answer 14

anchors the kidneys to the dorsal body wall

Question 15

what is it called when the kidneys fall to an inferior position in the abdominal cavity

Answer 15

ptosis

Question 16

why is incontinence normal in young children

Answer 16

they do not yet have muscle control over the voluntary sphincter

Question 17

what leads to incontinence in adults

Answer 17

pregnancy, infection, nerve damage, and emotional problems

Question 18

what is the smooth membrane tightly adherent to the kidney surface

Answer 18

fibrous capsule

Question 19

portion of the kidney containing the mostly collecting ducts

Answer 19

medulla

Question 20

portion of the kidney containing the bulk of nephron structures

Answer 20

cortex

Question 21

superficial region of the kidney tissue

Answer 21

cortex

Question 22

basinlike area of the kidney, continuous with the ureter

Answer 22

renal pelvis

Question 23

cup shaped extension of the pelvis that encircles the apex of a pyramid

Answer 23

minor calyx

Question 24

area of cortical tissue running between the medullary pyramids

Answer 24

renal column

Question 25

capillary specialized for filtration

Answer 25

glomerulus

Question 26

capillary specialized for reabsorption

Answer 26

peritubular capillary

Question 27

cuplike part of renal corpuscle

Answer 27

glomerular capsule

Question 28

location of macula densa

Answer 28

nephron loop(ascending limb)

Question 29

primary site of tubular reabsorption

Answer 29

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 30

receives urine from many nephrons

Answer 30

collecting duct

Question 31

why is the glomerulus a high pressure capillary bed

Answer 31

arterioles are high pressured vessels and they feed and drain the glomerulus

Question 32

how does the high pressure of the glomerulus help its function

Answer 32

higher capillary pressure leads to an increased amount of filtrate formation

Question 33

what helps certain tubule cells reabsorb substances from the filtrate

Answer 33

dense microvilli

Question 34

what happens during tubular secretion

Answer 34

its the process of moving cells from the capillary into the tubule filtrate

Question 35

why is tubular secretion important

Answer 35

it gets rid of substances that need to go in the filtrate and changes the pH

Question 36

what is juxtaglomerular complex

Answer 36

macula densa cells of the distal convoluted tubule and granular cells of the afferent arteriole that regulate filtrate formation and blood pressure

Question 37

what is important functionally about the specialized epithelium in the bladder

Answer 37

cells move on top of eachother when bladder fills which increases the volume and decreases the bladder wall thickness