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Anatomy 2 Lab > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

what are the true vocal cords

A

inferior

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2
Q

forms the adams apple

A

thyroid

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3
Q

shaped like a signet ring

A

cricoid

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4
Q

a lid for the larynx

A

epiglottis

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5
Q

vocal cord attachment

A

arytenoid

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6
Q

why is it important that the trachea is reinforced with cartilage

A

so the passageway remains open and doesnt collapse

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7
Q

why is it important that the cartilage rings are incomplete posteriorly

A

so that when food is swallowed it lets the esophagus expand anteriorly

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8
Q

what is the function of the pleural membranes

A

reduce friction, allow lungs to slide, hold lungs to ribs

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9
Q

two functions of the nasal cavity mucosa

A

filter air and warm it

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10
Q

which bronchi is longer

A

left

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11
Q

which bronchi is larger in diameter

A

right

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12
Q

which bronchi is more horizontal

A

left

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13
Q

connects the larynx to the main bronchi

A

trachea

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14
Q

site of tonsils

A

pharynx

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15
Q

food passageway posterior to the trachea

A

esophagus

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16
Q

covers the glottis during swallowing of foood

A

epiglottis

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17
Q

contains the vocal cords

A

larynx

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18
Q

nerve that activates the diaphragm during inspiration

A

phrenic nerve

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19
Q

pleural layer lining the walls of the thorax

A

parietal pleura

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20
Q

site from which oxygen enters the pulmonary blood

A

alveolus

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21
Q

connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx

A

pharyngotympanic tube

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22
Q

contains opening between the vocal folds

A

glottis

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23
Q

increase air turbulence in the nasal cavity

A

chonchae

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24
Q

separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

A

palate

25
Q

what portions of the respiratory system are dead space

A

conducting zone structures- primary and secondary bronchus and trachea

26
Q

gas exchange between the lungs and blood

A

external respiration

27
Q

gas exchange between blood and tissue cells

A

internal respiration

28
Q

how does the lung inflate

A

part by part

29
Q

what happens when pressure was released from the lungs

A

lung deflated

30
Q

what type of tissue allows lungs to deflate

A

elastic tissue

31
Q

what makes alveoli ideal for diffusion of gases

A

very thin walls, and large surface area

32
Q

volume of air present in lungs after a forceful expiration

A

residual volume (1100 ml)

33
Q

volume of air that can be expired forcibly after a normal expiration

A

expiratory reserve volume (1200 ml)

34
Q

volume of air that is breathed in and out during normal respiration

A

tidal volume (500 ml)

35
Q

volume of air that can be inspired forcibly after a normal inspiration

A

inspiratory reeserve (2800 ml)

36
Q

what is the vital capacity

A

4800 ml and TV+IRV+ERV

37
Q

what are the neural control centers of respiratory rhythm

A

medulla oblongata and pons

38
Q

movement of air in and out of body

A

ventilation

39
Q

movement of air into and out of lungs

A

pulmonary ventilation

40
Q

what uses diffusion and no energy for gas exchange(only one layer thick)

A

alveoli

41
Q

broad air flow passage

A

nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

42
Q

“detergent”, decreases surface tension, breaks up bonds and allows gases to go through easier

A

surfactant

43
Q

no gas exchange function here

A

dead space(conducting zone)

44
Q

how many lobes in the right lung

A

three

45
Q

how many lobes in the left lung

A

two

46
Q

how many membranes surround the lungs

A

two

47
Q

why do the membranes surround the lungs

A

to keep lungs pressurized

48
Q

organ layer

A

visceral pleura

49
Q

against ribcage to prevent friction

A

parietal peura

50
Q

usually this occurs in smokers

A

pulmonary emphysema

51
Q

describe pulmonary emphysema

A

disease where elastic tissue in lungs does not snap back, stays expanded, air gets trapped in air sacs(do not breathe in enough air), eventually alveolar sacs burst causing a big wide open space

52
Q

inflammation, alveolar sac tissue becomes red and thick(swollen), caused by bacteria

A

viral pheumonia

53
Q

overproduction of cells(tumor)-big blob of cells, three types

A

lung cancer

54
Q

overstimulation of this causes hiccups because it is a string connected to diaphragm

A

phrenic nerve

55
Q

pressure and volume have what kind of relationship

A

inverse

56
Q

pheumothorax

A

atelectasis(lung collapses)

57
Q

what does CO2 regulate

A

acidity and thus breathing

58
Q

air intake increases and CO2 level decreases so breathing rate decreases

A

hyperventilation

59
Q

air intake decreases and CO2 level increases so breathing rate increases

A

hypoventilation

Anatomy 2 Lab (11 decks)

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