Respiratory Flashcards
what are the true vocal cords
inferior
forms the adams apple
thyroid
shaped like a signet ring
cricoid
a lid for the larynx
epiglottis
vocal cord attachment
arytenoid
why is it important that the trachea is reinforced with cartilage
so the passageway remains open and doesnt collapse
why is it important that the cartilage rings are incomplete posteriorly
so that when food is swallowed it lets the esophagus expand anteriorly
what is the function of the pleural membranes
reduce friction, allow lungs to slide, hold lungs to ribs
two functions of the nasal cavity mucosa
filter air and warm it
which bronchi is longer
left
which bronchi is larger in diameter
right
which bronchi is more horizontal
left
connects the larynx to the main bronchi
trachea
site of tonsils
pharynx
food passageway posterior to the trachea
esophagus
covers the glottis during swallowing of foood
epiglottis
contains the vocal cords
larynx
nerve that activates the diaphragm during inspiration
phrenic nerve
pleural layer lining the walls of the thorax
parietal pleura
site from which oxygen enters the pulmonary blood
alveolus
connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx
pharyngotympanic tube
contains opening between the vocal folds
glottis
increase air turbulence in the nasal cavity
chonchae
separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity
palate
what portions of the respiratory system are dead space
conducting zone structures- primary and secondary bronchus and trachea
gas exchange between the lungs and blood
external respiration
gas exchange between blood and tissue cells
internal respiration
how does the lung inflate
part by part
what happens when pressure was released from the lungs
lung deflated
what type of tissue allows lungs to deflate
elastic tissue
what makes alveoli ideal for diffusion of gases
very thin walls, and large surface area
volume of air present in lungs after a forceful expiration
residual volume (1100 ml)
volume of air that can be expired forcibly after a normal expiration
expiratory reserve volume (1200 ml)
volume of air that is breathed in and out during normal respiration
tidal volume (500 ml)
volume of air that can be inspired forcibly after a normal inspiration
inspiratory reeserve (2800 ml)
what is the vital capacity
4800 ml and TV+IRV+ERV
what are the neural control centers of respiratory rhythm
medulla oblongata and pons
movement of air in and out of body
ventilation
movement of air into and out of lungs
pulmonary ventilation
what uses diffusion and no energy for gas exchange(only one layer thick)
alveoli
broad air flow passage
nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
“detergent”, decreases surface tension, breaks up bonds and allows gases to go through easier
surfactant
no gas exchange function here
dead space(conducting zone)
how many lobes in the right lung
three
how many lobes in the left lung
two
how many membranes surround the lungs
two
why do the membranes surround the lungs
to keep lungs pressurized
organ layer
visceral pleura
against ribcage to prevent friction
parietal peura
usually this occurs in smokers
pulmonary emphysema
describe pulmonary emphysema
disease where elastic tissue in lungs does not snap back, stays expanded, air gets trapped in air sacs(do not breathe in enough air), eventually alveolar sacs burst causing a big wide open space
inflammation, alveolar sac tissue becomes red and thick(swollen), caused by bacteria
viral pheumonia
overproduction of cells(tumor)-big blob of cells, three types
lung cancer
overstimulation of this causes hiccups because it is a string connected to diaphragm
phrenic nerve
pressure and volume have what kind of relationship
inverse
pheumothorax
atelectasis(lung collapses)
what does CO2 regulate
acidity and thus breathing
air intake increases and CO2 level decreases so breathing rate decreases
hyperventilation
air intake decreases and CO2 level increases so breathing rate increases
hypoventilation
