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Anatomy 2 Lab > Reproductive PP > Flashcards

Reproductive PP Flashcards

1
Q

what is reproduction

A

the process by which genetic material is passed from generation to generation, ensuring continuation of species

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2
Q

what does reproduction involve

A

Production of gametes (sperm & eggs)

Bring together of gametes for fertilization

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3
Q

what is the role of the male in repoduction

A

produce sperm
introduce sperm into the female body
male is more anatomically complex

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4
Q

what is the role of the female in reproduction

A 
produce ova (eggs)
receive sperm and provide for union of the gametes
harbor an embryo/fetus and give birth
nourish offspring
female is more physiologically complex
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5
Q

what are sex organs called

A

gonads

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6
Q

what are the primary sex organs

A

testes and ovaries

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7
Q

what is the endocrine function of reproduction

A

Produce sex cells (gametes

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8
Q

what is the exocrine function of reproduction

A

Secrete sex hormones

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9
Q

what are the secondary reproductive organs

A

everything else related to production (ducts, glands, and external genitalia)

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10
Q

what are the ducts of the reproductive system

A

tubes that transport, receive, and store gametes and associated fluid
particularly extensive in the male

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11
Q

what are accessory glands

A

gametes don’t actually pass through them but very important in reproduction

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12
Q

how do accessory glands help males

A

produce materials that support the gametes (liquid portion of semen)

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13
Q

how do accessory glands help females

A

provide lubrication for intercourse

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14
Q

what are the male gonads and what do they produce

A

Testes (within the scrotum) produce sperm & secrete testosterone

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15
Q

what are the ducts through which sperm is carried to the outside

A

Epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and the urethra

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16
Q

what are the accessory glands of males

A

Seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands… empty secretions into the ducts during ejaculation

17
Q

what does semen contain

A 
Mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions
Contains nutrients (fructose)
18
Q

how is semen beneficial

A

protects and activates sperm, and facilitates their movement (e.g., relaxin)

19
Q

what do the prostaglandins in semen do

A

Decrease the viscosity of mucus in the cervix

Stimulate reverse peristalsis in the uterus

20
Q

what in the semen neutralizes the acid in the male urethra and female vagina

A

alkalinity

21
Q

what do the primary sex organs of females produce

A

Ovaries produce ova (eggs) and secrete estrogen & progesterone

22
Q

what are the accessory organs of females

A

Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina

23
Q

what does gamete formation involve

A

meiosis

24
Q

what occurs in meiosis

A

Nuclear division in the gonads in which the number of chromosomes is halved
Two consecutive cell divisions (meiosis I andII) following one round of DNA replication

25
Q

what does meiosis produce

A

four daughter cells

Introduces genetic variation

26
Q

Sequence of events that produces sperm in the seminiferous tubules of the testes
End product is four gametes

A

Spermatogenesis

27
Q

when does Spermatogenesis begin

A

Process begins at puberty and continues throughout life… 400 million per day!

28
Q

how much cytoplasm does sperm have

A

very little

29
Q

where does spermatogenesis occur

A

Occurs in seminiferous tubules of testes

30
Q

what are primitive sperm cells

A

Spermatogonia

31
Q

at puberty what does FSH cause

A

spermatogonium to produce one spermatogonium and one primary spermatocyte

32
Q

what does primary spermatocyte undergo

A

meiosis I (2nn) to produce secondary spermatocytes

33
Q

what does secondary spermatocyte undergo

A

meiosis II to produce produces spermatids

34
Q

what is spermiogenesis

A

Strips away the extra cytoplasm

Converts spermatid to motile, streamlined sperm

35
Q

Production of female gametes in the ovaries

A

oogenesis

36
Q

end product of oogenesis

A

1 functional gamete (and 3 polar bodies)

37
Q

when does oogenesis occur

A

in the fetal period…female has all eggs she will ever have by the time she is born (2 million)

38
Q

describe ova(eggs)

A

are large cells with a lot of cytoplasm

39
Q

what influence development of ova in ovaries

A

Gonadotropic hormones

Anatomy 2 Lab (11 decks)

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