Reproductive PP

Question 1

what is reproduction

Answer 1

the process by which genetic material is passed from generation to generation, ensuring continuation of species

Question 2

what does reproduction involve

Answer 2

Production of gametes (sperm & eggs)

Bring together of gametes for fertilization

Question 3

what is the role of the male in repoduction

Answer 3

produce sperm
introduce sperm into the female body
male is more anatomically complex

Question 4

what is the role of the female in reproduction

Answer 4

produce ova (eggs)
receive sperm and provide for union of the gametes
harbor an embryo/fetus and give birth
nourish offspring
female is more physiologically complex

Question 5

what are sex organs called

Answer 5

gonads

Question 6

what are the primary sex organs

Answer 6

testes and ovaries

Question 7

what is the endocrine function of reproduction

Answer 7

Produce sex cells (gametes

Question 8

what is the exocrine function of reproduction

Answer 8

Secrete sex hormones

Question 9

what are the secondary reproductive organs

Answer 9

everything else related to production (ducts, glands, and external genitalia)

Question 10

what are the ducts of the reproductive system

Answer 10

tubes that transport, receive, and store gametes and associated fluid
particularly extensive in the male

Question 11

what are accessory glands

Answer 11

gametes don’t actually pass through them but very important in reproduction

Question 12

how do accessory glands help males

Answer 12

produce materials that support the gametes (liquid portion of semen)

Question 13

how do accessory glands help females

Answer 13

provide lubrication for intercourse

Question 14

what are the male gonads and what do they produce

Answer 14

Testes (within the scrotum) produce sperm & secrete testosterone

Question 15

what are the ducts through which sperm is carried to the outside

Answer 15

Epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, and the urethra

Question 16

what are the accessory glands of males

Answer 16

Seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands… empty secretions into the ducts during ejaculation

Question 17

what does semen contain

Answer 17

Mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions
Contains nutrients (fructose)

Question 18

how is semen beneficial

Answer 18

protects and activates sperm, and facilitates their movement (e.g., relaxin)

Question 19

what do the prostaglandins in semen do

Answer 19

Decrease the viscosity of mucus in the cervix

Stimulate reverse peristalsis in the uterus

Question 20

what in the semen neutralizes the acid in the male urethra and female vagina

Answer 20

alkalinity

Question 21

what do the primary sex organs of females produce

Answer 21

Ovaries produce ova (eggs) and secrete estrogen & progesterone

Question 22

what are the accessory organs of females

Answer 22

Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina

Question 23

what does gamete formation involve

Answer 23

meiosis

Question 24

what occurs in meiosis

Answer 24

Nuclear division in the gonads in which the number of chromosomes is halved
Two consecutive cell divisions (meiosis I andII) following one round of DNA replication

Question 25

what does meiosis produce

Answer 25

four daughter cells | Introduces genetic variation

Question 26

Sequence of events that produces sperm in the seminiferous tubules of the testes End product is four gametes

Answer 26

Spermatogenesis

Question 27

when does Spermatogenesis begin

Answer 27

Process begins at puberty and continues throughout life… 400 million per day!

Question 28

how much cytoplasm does sperm have

Answer 28

very little

Question 29

where does spermatogenesis occur

Answer 29

Occurs in seminiferous tubules of testes

Question 30

what are primitive sperm cells

Answer 30

Spermatogonia

Question 31

at puberty what does FSH cause

Answer 31

spermatogonium to produce one spermatogonium and one primary spermatocyte

Question 32

what does primary spermatocyte undergo

Answer 32

meiosis I (2nn) to produce secondary spermatocytes

Question 33

what does secondary spermatocyte undergo

Answer 33

meiosis II to produce produces spermatids

Question 34

what is spermiogenesis

Answer 34

Strips away the extra cytoplasm | Converts spermatid to motile, streamlined sperm

Question 35

Production of female gametes in the ovaries

Answer 35

oogenesis

Question 36

end product of oogenesis

Answer 36

1 functional gamete (and 3 polar bodies)

Question 37

when does oogenesis occur

Answer 37

in the fetal period…female has all eggs she will ever have by the time she is born (2 million)

Question 38

describe ova(eggs)

Answer 38

are large cells with a lot of cytoplasm

Question 39

what influence development of ova in ovaries

Answer 39

Gonadotropic hormones