Digestive Flashcards
the tubelike digestive system canal that extends from the mouth to the anus is known as what
ailimentary canal or GI tract
how is the muscularis externa of the stomach modified
in addition to the circular and longitudinal layers there is an oblique layer
how does the modification of the muscularis externa help the function of the stomach
helps it mix, churn, move food along, and break food into smaller pieces
what transition in the epithelial type exists at the gastroesphangeal junction
squamous cells in the esophagus to columnar cells in the gastric mucosa
what are the four parts of the colon
ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid
structure that suspends the small intestine from the posterior body wall
mesentery
fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area for absorption
villi
large collections of lymphoid tissue found in the submucosa of the small intestine
Peyer’s patches
deep folds of the mucosa ans submucosa that extend completely or partially around the circumference of the small intestine
circular folds
regions that break down food mechanically
oral cavity and stomach
mobile organ that manipulates food in the mouth and initiates swallowing
tongue
conduit for both air and food
pharynx
the gullet, no digestive or absorptive function
esophagus
three structures continuous with and representing modifications of the peritoneum
greater omentum, lesser omentum, mesentery
folds of the gastric mucosa
rugae
pocketlike sacs of the large intestine
haustra
projections of the plasma membrane of mucosal epithelial cell
microvilli
valve at the junction of the small and large intestines
ileocecal valve
primary region of food and water absorption
small intestine
membrane securing the tongue to the floor of the mouth
frenulum
absorbs water and forms feces
large intestine
area between the teeth and lips/cheek
oral vestibule
wormlike sac that outpockets form the cecum
appendix
initiates protein digestion
stomach
structure attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach
lesser omentum
organ immediately distal to the stomach
small intestine
valve controlling food movement from the stomach to the duodenum
pyloric valve
posterosuperior boundary of the oral cabity
soft palate
location of the hepatopancreatic sphincter through which pancreatic secretions and bile pass
small intestine
serous lining of the abdominal cavity wall
parietal peritoneum
principal site for the synthesis of vitamin K by microorganisms
large intestine
region containing two sphincters through which feces are expelled from the body
anus
bone supported anterosuperior boundary of the oral cavity
hard palate
visible portion of the tooth in situ
clinical crown
material covering the tooth root
cement
hardest substance in the body
enamel
attaches the tooth to bone ans surroundin alveolar structures
periodontal ligamnet
portion of the tooth embedded in bone
root
forms the major portion of tooth structure, similar to bone
dentin
produces the dentin
odontoblast
site of blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics
pulp
entire portion of the tooth covered with enamel
anatomical crown
number of deciduous teeth
20
number of permanent teeth
32
dental formula for permanent teeth
2,1,2,3/2,1,2,3 x2
which teeth are wisdom teeth
third molars
produce mucus found in the submucosa of the small intestine
duodenal glands
produce product containing amylase that begins starch breakdown in the mouth
salivary glands
produce many enzymes and an alkaline fluid that is secreted in to the duodenum
pancreas
produce bile that is secreted into the duodenum via the bile duct
liver
produces HCl and pepsinogen
gastric glands
found in the mucosa of the small instestine, produces intestinal juice
intestinal crypts
which of the salivary glands produces a secretin that is mainly serous
parotid gland
what is the role of the gallbladder
stores bile
where would you expect to find the stellate macrophages of the liver and what do they do
sinusoid walls; they remove debris from the blood
what secretory cells of the pancreas serve digestive processes
acinar cells
what are the subuint and substrate of amylase
subuint: maltose substrate: starch
what is the effect of freezing and boiling on enzyme activity
freezing=no effect
boiling=stops enzymes from working
at what pH is amylase most active and why
7 which is the same pH as the mouth
what is the significance of using 37 C incubation temperature to test enzyme activity
it is the body temp which is ideal for enzymes
what is the usual substrate for peptidase
peptides and proteins
how does bacteria aid in digestion
bacteria digests things we cannot digest(breaks down cellulose)
what was the effect of boiling pepsin
denatured and inactivated it(no activity in #1)
what is the optimal pH of pepsin
2 because that is the pH of the gastric juices which is when pepsin is most active
