Digestive

Question 1

the tubelike digestive system canal that extends from the mouth to the anus is known as what

Answer 1

ailimentary canal or GI tract

Question 2

how is the muscularis externa of the stomach modified

Answer 2

in addition to the circular and longitudinal layers there is an oblique layer

Question 3

how does the modification of the muscularis externa help the function of the stomach

Answer 3

helps it mix, churn, move food along, and break food into smaller pieces

Question 4

what transition in the epithelial type exists at the gastroesphangeal junction

Answer 4

squamous cells in the esophagus to columnar cells in the gastric mucosa

Question 5

what are the four parts of the colon

Answer 5

ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid

Question 6

structure that suspends the small intestine from the posterior body wall

Answer 6

mesentery

Question 7

fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area for absorption

Answer 7

villi

Question 8

large collections of lymphoid tissue found in the submucosa of the small intestine

Answer 8

Peyer’s patches

Question 9

deep folds of the mucosa ans submucosa that extend completely or partially around the circumference of the small intestine

Answer 9

circular folds

Question 10

regions that break down food mechanically

Answer 10

oral cavity and stomach

Question 11

mobile organ that manipulates food in the mouth and initiates swallowing

Answer 11

tongue

Question 12

conduit for both air and food

Answer 12

pharynx

Question 13

the gullet, no digestive or absorptive function

Answer 13

esophagus

Question 14

three structures continuous with and representing modifications of the peritoneum

Answer 14

greater omentum, lesser omentum, mesentery

Question 15

folds of the gastric mucosa

Answer 15

rugae

Question 16

pocketlike sacs of the large intestine

Answer 16

haustra

Question 17

projections of the plasma membrane of mucosal epithelial cell

Answer 17

microvilli

Question 18

valve at the junction of the small and large intestines

Answer 18

ileocecal valve

Question 19

primary region of food and water absorption

Answer 19

small intestine

Question 20

membrane securing the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Answer 20

frenulum

Question 21

absorbs water and forms feces

Answer 21

large intestine

Question 22

area between the teeth and lips/cheek

Answer 22

oral vestibule

Question 23

wormlike sac that outpockets form the cecum

Answer 23

appendix

Question 24

initiates protein digestion

Answer 24

stomach

Question 25

structure attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach

Answer 25

lesser omentum

Question 26

organ immediately distal to the stomach

Answer 26

small intestine

Question 27

valve controlling food movement from the stomach to the duodenum

Answer 27

pyloric valve

Question 28

posterosuperior boundary of the oral cabity

Answer 28

soft palate

Question 29

location of the hepatopancreatic sphincter through which pancreatic secretions and bile pass

Answer 29

small intestine

Question 30

serous lining of the abdominal cavity wall

Answer 30

parietal peritoneum

Question 31

principal site for the synthesis of vitamin K by microorganisms

Answer 31

large intestine

Question 32

region containing two sphincters through which feces are expelled from the body

Answer 32

anus

Question 33

bone supported anterosuperior boundary of the oral cavity

Answer 33

hard palate

Question 34

visible portion of the tooth in situ

Answer 34

clinical crown

Question 35

material covering the tooth root

Answer 35

cement

Question 36

hardest substance in the body

Answer 36

enamel

Question 37

attaches the tooth to bone ans surroundin alveolar structures

Answer 37

periodontal ligamnet

Question 38

portion of the tooth embedded in bone

Answer 38

root

Question 39

forms the major portion of tooth structure, similar to bone

Answer 39

dentin

Question 40

produces the dentin

Answer 40

odontoblast

Question 41

site of blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics

Answer 41

pulp

Question 42

entire portion of the tooth covered with enamel

Answer 42

anatomical crown

Question 43

number of deciduous teeth

Answer 43

20

Question 44

number of permanent teeth

Answer 44

32

Question 45

dental formula for permanent teeth

Answer 45

2,1,2,3/2,1,2,3 x2

Question 46

which teeth are wisdom teeth

Answer 46

third molars

Question 47

produce mucus found in the submucosa of the small intestine

Answer 47

duodenal glands

Question 48

produce product containing amylase that begins starch breakdown in the mouth

Answer 48

salivary glands

Question 49

produce many enzymes and an alkaline fluid that is secreted in to the duodenum

Answer 49

pancreas

Question 50

produce bile that is secreted into the duodenum via the bile duct

Answer 50

liver

Question 51

produces HCl and pepsinogen

Answer 51

gastric glands

Question 52

found in the mucosa of the small instestine, produces intestinal juice

Answer 52

intestinal crypts

Question 53

which of the salivary glands produces a secretin that is mainly serous

Answer 53

parotid gland

Question 54

what is the role of the gallbladder

Answer 54

stores bile

Question 55

where would you expect to find the stellate macrophages of the liver and what do they do

Answer 55

sinusoid walls; they remove debris from the blood

Question 56

what secretory cells of the pancreas serve digestive processes

Answer 56

acinar cells

Question 57

what are the subuint and substrate of amylase

Answer 57

subuint: maltose substrate: starch

Question 58

what is the effect of freezing and boiling on enzyme activity

Answer 58

freezing=no effect | boiling=stops enzymes from working

Question 59

at what pH is amylase most active and why

Answer 59

7 which is the same pH as the mouth

Question 60

what is the significance of using 37 C incubation temperature to test enzyme activity

Answer 60

it is the body temp which is ideal for enzymes

Question 61

what is the usual substrate for peptidase

Answer 61

peptides and proteins

Question 62

how does bacteria aid in digestion

Answer 62

bacteria digests things we cannot digest(breaks down cellulose)

Question 63

what was the effect of boiling pepsin

Answer 63

denatured and inactivated it(no activity in #1)

Question 64

what is the optimal pH of pepsin

Answer 64

2 because that is the pH of the gastric juices which is when pepsin is most active