Urinary System Flashcards
the kidneys are ____ organs located on either side of the vertebral column
retroperitoneal
kidneys lie anterior to the muscles of the _____ abdominal wall
posterior
kidneys are located in the ___ and___ ____ quadrants
R and L upper quadrants
medial border of each kidney has the _____ which is the place where the renal vessels and the ureter are found
renal hilum
at the hilar region, the _____ is the most posterior structure
ureter
outer region of the kidney surrounding medulla
cortex
innermost region of kidney
medulla
portion of cortex that extends between the renal pyramids
renal columns
striated looking structures, contained within the medulla, that have the apex pointing toward the minor clayx
medullary pyramids (renal pyramids)
“cap” of cortical tissue and the pyramid that the nephrons extend into
renal lobe
initial drain for urine which is emptied into by the renal pyramids, merge to from 2-4 major calices
minor calyx
large funnel shaped chamber that collects urine from the major calices. continues distally as the ureter
renal pelvis
fat filled space where the vessels, calices, renal plevis and nerves occupy
renal sinus
structures located at the apical part of the medullary pyramid. tips of the ____ have the opening of the collecting ducts which drain into the minor calices
renal papilla
both the bowman’s capsule and glomerulus are located where in the kidney
renal cortex
the ___ renal vein is longer than the ___ renal vein
L longer than R
innervation of kidney
sym: renal plexus (least splachnic n)
what 2 vessels drain into the L renal vein that do not drain into the R
left adrenal v
left gonadal v
ureters are _______ tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
retroperitoneal
3 locations of ureter constriction
- junction of the ureter and renal pelvis
- crossing pelvic brim
- entering the wall of the bladder on the posterior inferior aspect
renal pain is located where
flank/groin referral (sympathetics T12-L2)
bladder is located just behind the pubic symphysis in the ____ space
retropubic
males bladder sits _____ bc of the prostate
higher
what are the 4 regions of the bladder
- neck
- body
- apex
- uvula
which area of the bladder is suspended by the puboprostatic and pubovesical ligaments
neck of the bladder
area where the ureteric orifices and the internal urethral orifice are located
trigone of the bladder
the trigone of the bladder (ureter and urethra) are derived from what
mesonepheric ducts
smooth muscle that covers the bladder
detrusor muscle
detrusor muscle is under ____ stimulus
parasympathetic
____ ligament holds up the male bladder
puboprostatic
____ ligament holds up the female bladder
pubovesical
arterial supply of bladder for both sexes
superior vesical artery
inferior vesical artery supplies some of the posterior and inferior regions of the bladder in _____
males
vaginal artery supplies some of the posterior and inferior regions of the bladder in __
females
innervation of the bladder
para: pelvic splanchnic nerves S2-4 (motor to detrusor muscle and inhibits internal urethral sphincter)
sym: T11-L2 vesical nerve plexus
bladder pain follows ______ vertebra levels
T11-L2
S2-S4
what are the 3 parts of the male urethra
- prostatic (widest part)
- membranous (passes external urethral sphincter)
- spongy (penile)
innervation of the male urethra
pudendal nerve and prostatic plexus
what is the blood supply of the female urethra
internal pudendal artery and vaginal arteries
innervation of the female urethra
pudendeal nerve only
suprarenal glands are also known as
adrenal glands
cortex of the suprarenal glands are derived from
mesoderm
cortex of the suprarenal glands secrete
corticosteroids and androgens
medulla of the suprarenal glands are derived from
neural crest cells
medulla of the suprarenal glands secrete
catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
arteries that supply the suprarenal glands
superior, middle, and inferior suprarenal arteries
right adrenal vein drains into the ___
IVC
left adrenal vein is joined by the ___ and drains into the ____
inferior phrenic vein
left renal vein (MRI TAG)
innervation of the suprarenal glands
sym: branches of greater splanchnic nerve synapse in medulla
para innervation of adrenal glands
NONE
