Methods of Evaluation

Question 1

studies fill the lumen with radiopaque material and are useful in the outlining of structures

Answer 1

single-contrast

Question 2

small amount of high-density barium coats the mucosal surface and gas distends the organ and enhances contrast

Answer 2

double-contrast studies

Question 3

scans cant test function as well as well as visualize the upper part of the GI tract up to the duodenum

Answer 3

esophagogastroduodenoscopy and HIDA

Question 4

difficulty swallowing

Answer 4

dysphasia

Question 5

painful swallowing

Answer 5

odynophagia

Question 6

failure of a hypertensive LES to relax and the absence of esophageal peristalsis

Answer 6

achalasia

Question 7

normal peristaltic rhythm with EXCESSIVE contractile force

Answer 7

nutcracker esophagus

Question 8

UNCOORDINATED peristaltic waves

Answer 8

diffuse esophageal spasm (DES)

Question 9

GERD leads to ___ which leads to ____

Answer 9

esophagitis

esophageal cancer

Question 10

dilation of the submucosal veins secondary to portal hypertension.

Answer 10

esophageal varices

Question 11

elevated portal venous pressure is greater than ____ which distends the veins proximal to the site of the blockage

Answer 11

> 10 mmHg

Question 12

test that measure peristaltic contraction at the upper esophageal sphincter, esophageal body, and lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 12

manometry

Question 13

x-ray study taken immediately after the patient swallows barium sulfate and baking soda

Answer 13

double contrast barium swallow/upper GI study

narrowing or corkscrew appearance

Question 14

axial image may demonstrate thickening of esophageal wall (> 3 MM)

Answer 14

CT scan

Question 15

study in which an ultrasound is moved through the extent of the esophagus can test the sensory and motor dysfunction

Answer 15

catheter based high frequency intraluminal ultrasound

Question 16

what is used to evaluate the GI tract proximal to the jejunum for conditions such as dypepsia, anemia, hematemesis, ulcers, and epigastric pain (direct visualization and biopsy)

Answer 16

esophagogastroduodenoscope (EGD)

Question 17

how many % of patients can end up with pancreatititis

Answer 17

5%

Question 18

nuclear imaging procedure used to evaluate the health and function of the gallbladder

Answer 18

HIDA scan

Question 19

adult human ejection fractions range from ______ % in an hour

Answer 19

35-75%

Question 20

what 3 ways are used to evaluate the colon

Answer 20

1. barium enema x ray study
2. CT colonography
3. colonoscopy 5’/sigmoidoscopy 2’

Question 21

both ventilation and perfusion of the lungs can simultaneously be evaluated when ____ is used

Answer 21

V/Q scan