Hernias

Question 1

opening or weakness in the abdominal muscular layers

Answer 1

hernia

Question 2

what are the three different hernias

Answer 2

1. external (abdominal wall)
2. internal
3. diaphragmatic

Question 3

visceral contents are pushed out of the muscular layers (can feel and see it)

Answer 3

external hernia

Question 4

viscera protrudes through the mesentery or peritoneum into a COMPARTMENT inside the abdomen

Answer 4

internal herina(need imaging)

Question 5

abdominal contents protrude into the thoracic cavity

Answer 5

diaphragmatic hernia

Question 6

what are the 4 external hernias

Answer 6

1. umbilical/epigastric
2. spigelian
3. incisional
4. inguinal

Question 7

protrusions though the umbilicus that have an acquired origin as a consequence of increases in pressure from PREGNANCY OR ASCITES

Answer 7

adult umbilical hernia (2% cirrhotic patients/obese)

Question 8

hernias that occur through the linea alba at the region from the xiphoid process down to the umbilicus

Answer 8

epigastric hernia

Question 9

rare form of abdominal wall hernia that occurs through a defect in the LINEA SEMILUNARIS

Answer 9

spigelian hernia

Question 10

iatrogenic hernia occurring 2-10% of all abominal operations secondary to breakdown of the fascial closure prior to surgery

Answer 10

incisional hernia

Question 11

hernia that occurs just lateral to the rectus abdominis

Answer 11

spigelian hernia

Question 12

75% of all hernias, 25x more common in males than females

Answer 12

direct or indirect hernia (inguinal hernia)

Question 13

hernia that extends into the scrotum and lateral occurs lateral to the lateral umbilical fold

Answer 13

indirect hernia

Question 14

hernia that RARELY GETS INTO SCROTUM, occurs medial to the lateral umbilical fold

Answer 14

direct hernia

Question 15

hernia travels below the inguinal ligament through the femoral canal

Answer 15

femoral hernia

Question 16

femoral canal lies ___ to the ____ ligament

Answer 16

lateral

lacunar

Question 17

hernia that is more frequently seen in women

Answer 17

femoral hernia

Question 18

hernia that causes medial thigh pain as well as groin pain

Answer 18

femoral hernia

Question 19

herniations through lumbar triangles, may be congenital or acquired

Answer 19

lumbar hernia (grynfeltt-lesshaft triangle hernia: superior) (petit triangle hernia: inferior)

Question 20

hernia most commonly occurred in THIN ELDERLY FEMALES

Answer 20

obturator hernia

Question 21

obturator hernias are most often seen on the ___ side with ______ being 90% of cases

Answer 21

R

intestinal obstruction

Question 22

hernia with pain down medial aspect of thigh secondary to compression of the obturator nerve as it exits the obturator canal

Answer 22

obturator hernia

Question 23

most common type of hiatal hernia

Answer 23

sliding hiatal hernia

Question 24

majority of patients with demonstrated ____ hernias are asymptomatic

Answer 24

hiatal

Question 25

hernia that occurs the widened hiatus permits the funds of the stomach to protrude into the chest

Answer 25

paraesophageal hernia (rolling-type hiatal hernia)

Question 26

gastroesophageal junction remains _____ diaphragm in paraesophageal hernia

Answer 26

below (fundus of stomach moves)