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Viscera Lecture > Digestive System II > Flashcards

Digestive System II Flashcards

1
Q

large folds in the mucosal layer to increase absorptive surface area (jejunum and ileum)

A

plica

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2
Q

finger like projections that are covered with columnar epithelium and goblet cells (jejunum and ileum)

A

villi

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3
Q

fats that have been absorbed and combined with protein to make them soluble, are too large to enter blood capillaries and must enter the lacteal and then from lymphatics go to blood (jejunum and ileum)

A

chylomicrons

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4
Q

major artery of the jejunum and ileum is

A

superior mesenteric artery

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5
Q

the jejunum and ileum are structures of ____ in origin

A

midgut

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6
Q

what two branches does the superior mesenteric artery give off that go to the jejunum and ileum

A
  1. arterial arcades (arcuate arteries)

2. vasa recta (straight arteries)

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7
Q

vessels that directly vascularize the small intestinal loops and project from the arcuate arteries

A

vasa recta (straight arteries)

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8
Q

venous return is through the ileal and jejunal veins which eventually drain into the

A

superior mesenteric vein

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9
Q

the superior mesenteric vein join with ____ to from the ___

A

splenic vein

portal vein

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10
Q

what makes up the portal vein

A

superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

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11
Q

the jejunum has ____ vasa recta

A

long

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12
Q

the ileum has ___ vasa recta

A

short

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13
Q

sympathetic innervation of the jejunum and ileum

A

superior mesenteric ganglia (pregang nerve: lesser splanchnic T10-T11)

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14
Q

what is the sympathetics function for the jejunum and ileum

A

decrease motility in the intestine

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15
Q

parasympathetic innervation of the jejunum and ileum

A

posterior vagal trunk

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16
Q

what is the parasympathetic function for the jejunum and ileum

A

stimulate motility and secretions of the intestines

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17
Q

pain sensation is NON EXISTENT, however ______ is perceived as colic in the jejunum and ileum

A

distention

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18
Q

what makes up the large intestine

A

cecum, appendix, ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid colon, rectum, and upper anal canal

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19
Q

sacculations found on the colon

A

haustra

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20
Q

3 longitudinal bands of muscle along the length of the large intestine, forms the haustra and helps propel the bolus during peristalsis

A

teniae coli

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21
Q

fatty projections attached to the teniae coli

A

omental appendices (epiploic)

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22
Q

the cecum is found in what quadrant and what arterial supply

A

RLQ, ileocolic artery (45* down to the right)

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23
Q

innervation of the cecum (para and sym)

A

para- vagus

sym - superior mesenteric ganglia: preganglionic fibers - lesser splanchnic nerve

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24
Q

partial invagination of the ileum into the cecum, producing two folds that cover the passage of the ileum to the cecum

A

ileocecal valve

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25
Q

a diverticulum attached to the cecum with an appendicular arterial branch providing blood from the ileocolic artery

A

appendix

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26
Q

in the young the appendix is a ____, in the elderly the mucosa becomes mostly ___

A

lymphoid structure

fibrotic

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27
Q

sensory pain fibers follow the sympathetics along the ___ spinal level for the appendix

A

T10

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28
Q

the ascending colon is a _____ structure

A

retroperitoneal

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29
Q

the arterial supply of the ascending colon is by the ____ and MAINLY the _____

A

ileocolic arteries

right colic arteries

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30
Q

the transverse colon is a ____ structure

A

intraperitoneal

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31
Q

the transverse colon is associated with the ____ and ____ colic flexure

A

right and left

32
Q

main arterial supply of the transverse colon is provided by

A

middle colic artery

33
Q

what is the terminal branch of the superior mesenteric artery

A

middle colic artery

34
Q

innervation of the ascending 2/3 of the transverse colon

A

sym: superior mesenteric prevertebral ganglion
para: vagus nerve up to the left colic flexure

35
Q

the descending colon is a _______ structure

A

retroperitoneal

36
Q

what is the arterial supply of the descending colon

A

left colic artery from inferior mesenteric artery

37
Q

what is the arterial supply of the sigmoid colon

A

left colic and sigmoid arteries

38
Q

what is the arterial supply of the rectum

A

superior rectal artery

39
Q

innervation of the descending and sigmoid colon

A

sym: superior hypogastric plexus using INFERIOR MESENTERIC PLEXUS ON IMA
para: pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)

40
Q

what are the 4 parts of the pancreas

A
  1. head (uncinate process)
  2. neck
  3. body
  4. tail
41
Q

the main pancreatic duct begins at the ______ of the pancreas to the ____ where it exits and meets the

A

tail
head
bile duct

42
Q

main pancreatic duct + bile duct =

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater

43
Q

hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater empties into the

A

descending portion of the duodenum

44
Q

what controls the flow of bile and pancreatic fluids into the duodenum

A

sphincter of Oddi

45
Q

the pancreas is ____ derived

A

foregut

46
Q

body and tail of the pancreas is supplied by what artery

A

splenic artery

47
Q

head and neck of pancreas is supplied by what arteries

A

gastroduodenal and pancreaticoduodenal arteries

48
Q

innervation of the pancreas

A

sym: celiac ganglion
para: vagus nerve

49
Q

what arteries supply the liver

A

hepatic arteries (O2 rich)

50
Q

what vein supplies the liver

A

portal vein (nutrient rich)

51
Q

what venous supply drains the liver

A

inferior vena cava

52
Q

failure of liver: where are the two anastomotic sites

A
  1. esophagus

2. rectum

53
Q

anastomotic site: the esophageal branch of the _____ anastomoses with the esophageal veins that drain into the ______

A 
left gastric vein (portal)
azygos vein (systemic)
54
Q

anastomotic site: middle and inferior rectal veins (systemic) anastomoses with the _______ which drains into the IMV (portal)

A

superior rectal vein

55
Q

superficial veins of the anterior abdominal wall that connect to the left branch of the portal vein travel though _______ accompanying the __________

A

paraumbilical veins:
falciform ligament
ligamentum teres of the liver

56
Q

veins of the colon, pancreas, duodenum, and liver anastomose with the

A

renal, lumbar, and phrenic veins (retroperitoneal veins)

57
Q

lesser omentum attaches the liver to the stomach and duodenum via

A

hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments (portal triad)

58
Q

to the right of the lesser omentum is the opening of the

A

omental foramen

59
Q

what is the recess called posterior to the liver

A

hepatorenal recess

60
Q

innervation of the liver

A

para - vagus

sym - celiac ganglia

61
Q

bare area where no visceral peritoneum covers; this region that touches the diaphragm is called

A

septum transversum

62
Q

R/L hepatic ducts empty into the

A

common hepatic duct

63
Q

empties the gall bladder biliary content into the common bile duct

A

cystic duct

64
Q

formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct

A

common bile duct

65
Q

prevents bile from entering the duodenum when contracted

A

choledochal sphincter (end of bile duct)

66
Q

what are the three parts of the gallbladder

A
  1. fundus
  2. body
  3. neck
67
Q

what supplies the gallbladder and the cystic duct

A

cystic artery

68
Q

what does the cystic artery arise from

A

R hepatic artery

69
Q

drain blood from the gallbladder and the ducts into the liver

A

cystic veins

70
Q

innervation of the gall bladder

A

para - vagus and CCK
sym - celiac plexus
sensory - R phrenic n

71
Q

what is the largest lymphoid organ

A

spleen

72
Q

spleen is attached to the stomach via

A

gastrosplenic ligament

73
Q

spleen is attached to the L kidney via

A

splenorenal ligament

74
Q

gastrosplenic and splenoreneal ligament are _______ derivatives

A

dorsal mesentery

75
Q

artery and vein that supplies the spleen

A

splenic artery and vein

76
Q

sympathetic innervation of spleen

A

celiac plexus

Viscera Lecture (11 decks)

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