Abdominal Wall II

Question 1

the internal surface of the anterior abdominal wall is lined with

Answer 1

parietal peritoneum

Question 2

extends from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus and contains the median umbilical ligament

Answer 2

median umbilical fold

Question 3

remnant of the reduced allantoic stalk or urachus. connects the bladder to the umbilicus

Answer 3

median umbilical ligament

Question 4

lateral to the median umbilical fold, they are folds of peritoneum containing R/L medial umbilical ligaments

Answer 4

R/L medial umbilical folds

Question 5

remnant of the fetal umbilical arteries which carried DEOXYGENATED BLOOD

Answer 5

R/L medial umbilical ligaments

Question 6

lateral to the medial umbilical folds, they are peritoneal coverings of the inferior epigastric arteries and veins

Answer 6

R/L lateral umbilical folds

Question 7

patent arteries that arise from the external iliac arteries, from the lateral border of the inguinal triangle (hesselbach’s triangle)

Answer 7

inferior epigastric arteries

Question 8

5 ligaments of the internal surface of the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 8

1. median umbilical
2. R/L medial umbilical ligaments
3. R/L lateral umbilical ligaments

Question 9

embryological derivative of urachus

Answer 9

median umbilical ligament

Question 10

embryological derivatives of the occluded umbilical arteries

Answer 10

R/L medial umbilical ligaments

Question 11

patent inferior epigastric arteries and veins

Answer 11

R/L lateral umbilical ligaments

Question 12

between the median and medial folds

Answer 12

supravesical fossae (site for rare external supravesicular hernias)

Question 13

between the medial and lateral folds

Answer 13

medial inguinal fossae (site for less common, direct inguinal hernias; 25 - 1 male v female)

Question 14

lateral to the lateral umbilical folds, which includes the deep inguinal rings

Answer 14

lateral inguinal fossae (site for MOST COMMON, indirect inguinal hernias)

Question 15

oblique, inferomedially directed passage through the inferior abdominal wall. lies parallel to the inguinal ligament and contains the spermatic cord or round ligament

Answer 15

inguinal canal

Question 16

anterior lateral border of inguinal canal

Answer 16

aponeurosis of EAO and IAO

Question 17

posterior medial border of inguinal canal

Answer 17

transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon (joint of IAO and transversus abdominis)

Question 18

roof of inguinal canal

Answer 18

IAO and transversus abdominis

Question 19

floor of inguinal canal

Answer 19

EAO and trough of inguinal ligament

Question 20

split like opening between the fibers of the EAO aponeurosis

Answer 20

superficial inguinal ring

Question 21

spermatic cord or round ligament along with the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve and the ilioinguinal nerve emerge from the inguinal canal here

Answer 21

superficial inguinal ring

Question 22

superficial inguinal ring: ___ attaches to the pubic tubercle and ____ attaches to the pubic crest

Answer 22

1. lateral crus

2. medial crus

Question 23

fibers found between the crura which prevent the crura from spreading

Answer 23

intercrural fibers

Question 24

superficial inguinal ring: horizontally oriented ligament running along the pectineal line of the pecten pubis

Answer 24

pectinate ligament

Question 25

superficial inguinal ring: fibers from the deep aspect of the inguinal ligament which also attaches to the pectineal line of the pecten pubis; forms the medial border of the femoral canal through which the femoral herniation passes (females mostly)

Answer 25

lacunar ligament

Question 26

defect of the transversalis fascia, forming an opening and the internal lining of the inguinal canal

Answer 26

deep inguinal ring

Question 27

ligament that is lateral to the inferior epigastric artery that allows passage of ductus deferens or round ligament of uterus

Answer 27

deep inguinal ring

Question 28

protrusion through abdominal cavity LATERAL to the lateral umbilical fold; enters the deep inguinal ring if congenital and exists the superficial ring it its complete

Answer 28

indirect hernia

Question 29

protrusion MEDIAL to the inferior epigastric vessels that enters hesselbach's triangle; does not traverse the entire canal

Answer 29

direct hernia

Question 30

herniation that is more prevalent in females, protrudes inferior to inguinal ligament and lateral to the lacunar ligament

Answer 30

femoral herniation

Question 31

male: peritoneal diverticulum that carries the muscular and fascial layers with it as it forms the inguinal canal

Answer 31

processus vaginalis

Question 32

male: fibrous cord that connect the undescended testes with the anterior abdominal wall at the site of the future deep inguinal ring

Answer 32

gubernaculum

Question 33

the testes travel posterior to the ____ to enter the scrotum

Answer 33

processus vaginalis

Question 34

the process vaginalis obliterates and becomes the ______ in adult males

Answer 34

tunica vaginalis

Question 35

the gubernaculum remnant is the

Answer 35

scrotal ligament

Question 36

30% premature males babies, condition whereby the one or both testes fails to descend and mature

Answer 36

cryptorchidism

Question 37

transversing the inguinal canal, the testes deviate from the route of descent into abnormal locations

Answer 37

ectopic testes

Question 38

excess fluid in a persistent processsus vaginalis

Answer 38

hydrocele

Question 39

spermatic cord coverings: derived from the transversalis fascia

Answer 39

internal spermatic fascia

Question 40

spermatic cord coverings: derived from the IAO aponeurosis, innervated by the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve. CREMASTERIC REFLEX

Answer 40

cremasteric muscle

Question 41

spermatic cord coverings: derived from the EAO aponeurosis

Answer 41

external spermatic fascia

Question 42

transversus abdominis muscle does ____ contribute to spermatic cord layers

Answer 42

NOT

Question 43

female: adult remnant of the gubernaculum that connects the ovaries to the uterus

Answer 43

ovarian ligament

Question 44

adult remnant of the gubernaculum that connects the uterus to the labium majus

Answer 44

round ligament of the uterus

Question 45

if there is an incomplete closure of the processus vaginalis, a persistent canal may remain called the

Answer 45

canal of nuck; herniation into the labia majora may occur