Abdominal Wall II Flashcards
the internal surface of the anterior abdominal wall is lined with
parietal peritoneum
extends from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus and contains the median umbilical ligament
median umbilical fold
remnant of the reduced allantoic stalk or urachus. connects the bladder to the umbilicus
median umbilical ligament
lateral to the median umbilical fold, they are folds of peritoneum containing R/L medial umbilical ligaments
R/L medial umbilical folds
remnant of the fetal umbilical arteries which carried DEOXYGENATED BLOOD
R/L medial umbilical ligaments
lateral to the medial umbilical folds, they are peritoneal coverings of the inferior epigastric arteries and veins
R/L lateral umbilical folds
patent arteries that arise from the external iliac arteries, from the lateral border of the inguinal triangle (hesselbach’s triangle)
inferior epigastric arteries
5 ligaments of the internal surface of the anterior abdominal wall
- median umbilical
- R/L medial umbilical ligaments
- R/L lateral umbilical ligaments
embryological derivative of urachus
median umbilical ligament
embryological derivatives of the occluded umbilical arteries
R/L medial umbilical ligaments
patent inferior epigastric arteries and veins
R/L lateral umbilical ligaments
between the median and medial folds
supravesical fossae (site for rare external supravesicular hernias)
between the medial and lateral folds
medial inguinal fossae (site for less common, direct inguinal hernias; 25 - 1 male v female)
lateral to the lateral umbilical folds, which includes the deep inguinal rings
lateral inguinal fossae (site for MOST COMMON, indirect inguinal hernias)
oblique, inferomedially directed passage through the inferior abdominal wall. lies parallel to the inguinal ligament and contains the spermatic cord or round ligament
inguinal canal
anterior lateral border of inguinal canal
aponeurosis of EAO and IAO
posterior medial border of inguinal canal
transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon (joint of IAO and transversus abdominis)
roof of inguinal canal
IAO and transversus abdominis
floor of inguinal canal
EAO and trough of inguinal ligament
split like opening between the fibers of the EAO aponeurosis
superficial inguinal ring
spermatic cord or round ligament along with the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve and the ilioinguinal nerve emerge from the inguinal canal here
superficial inguinal ring
superficial inguinal ring: ___ attaches to the pubic tubercle and ____ attaches to the pubic crest
- lateral crus
2. medial crus
fibers found between the crura which prevent the crura from spreading
intercrural fibers
superficial inguinal ring: horizontally oriented ligament running along the pectineal line of the pecten pubis
pectinate ligament
superficial inguinal ring: fibers from the deep aspect of the inguinal ligament which also attaches to the pectineal line of the pecten pubis; forms the medial border of the femoral canal through which the femoral herniation passes (females mostly)
lacunar ligament
defect of the transversalis fascia, forming an opening and the internal lining of the inguinal canal
deep inguinal ring
ligament that is lateral to the inferior epigastric artery that allows passage of ductus deferens or round ligament of uterus
deep inguinal ring
protrusion through abdominal cavity LATERAL to the lateral umbilical fold; enters the deep inguinal ring if congenital and exists the superficial ring it its complete
indirect hernia
protrusion MEDIAL to the inferior epigastric vessels that enters hesselbach’s triangle; does not traverse the entire canal
direct hernia
herniation that is more prevalent in females, protrudes inferior to inguinal ligament and lateral to the lacunar ligament
femoral herniation
male: peritoneal diverticulum that carries the muscular and fascial layers with it as it forms the inguinal canal
processus vaginalis
male: fibrous cord that connect the undescended testes with the anterior abdominal wall at the site of the future deep inguinal ring
gubernaculum
the testes travel posterior to the ____ to enter the scrotum
processus vaginalis
the process vaginalis obliterates and becomes the ______ in adult males
tunica vaginalis
the gubernaculum remnant is the
scrotal ligament
30% premature males babies, condition whereby the one or both testes fails to descend and mature
cryptorchidism
transversing the inguinal canal, the testes deviate from the route of descent into abnormal locations
ectopic testes
excess fluid in a persistent processsus vaginalis
hydrocele
spermatic cord coverings: derived from the transversalis fascia
internal spermatic fascia
spermatic cord coverings: derived from the IAO aponeurosis, innervated by the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve. CREMASTERIC REFLEX
cremasteric muscle
spermatic cord coverings: derived from the EAO aponeurosis
external spermatic fascia
transversus abdominis muscle does ____ contribute to spermatic cord layers
NOT
female: adult remnant of the gubernaculum that connects the ovaries to the uterus
ovarian ligament
adult remnant of the gubernaculum that connects the uterus to the labium majus
round ligament of the uterus
if there is an incomplete closure of the processus vaginalis, a persistent canal may remain called the
canal of nuck; herniation into the labia majora may occur
