Abdominal Wall I Flashcards
What are the two planes that define the 4 quadrants of the abdominal wall
- transumbilical plane
2. median plane
horizontal plane through the umbilicus at the IVD between L3 - L4
transumbilical plane
vertical plane dividing body into right and left halves
median plane
the abdomen is divided into how many regions
9
what are the 4 planes that delineate the regions
- R and L midclavicular planes
- subcostal plane
- transtubercular plane - which passes through the L5 vertebral body
what are the 9 abdominal regions
- epigastric
- umbilical
- hypogastric
- R and L hypochondriac
- R and L lumbar
- R and L inguinal
fatty, superficial layer of fascia
camper’s fascia
deep, membranous layer of fascia
scarpa’s fascia
what is the external to internal order of fascial in the abdominal wall
- subcutaneous tissue - campers and scarpa’s fascia
- deep fascia
- transversalis fascia
- endoabdominal fat (visceral fat)
- parietal peritoneum (peritonitis)
largest and most superficial of the 3 flat abdominal muscles
external oblique muscle (EAO)
insertion of the EAO
linea alba (midline), pubic tubercle, and anterior half of iliac crest
innervation of EAO
thoracoabdominal nerves T6-T11 and subcostal nerve T12
what is the distal extension of T7-T11 intercostal nerves
T12 subcostal nerve
action of the EAO
lateral flexion, flexion, contralateral trunk rotation (w/ unilateral contraction)
males: the EAO becomes the ______ around the scrotum and spermatic cord
superficial spermatic fascial covering
males and females: thickened inferior margin of the EAO aponeurosis folds back onto itself to become ____ (ASIS to pubic tubercle)
inguinal ligament
males and females: defect in the EAO aponeurosis forms the _________
superficial inguinal ring
fibers run in the orientation of internal intercostal muscles
internal oblique muscle (IAO)
innervation of IAO
thoracoabdominal nerves T7-T11, subcostal nerve T12, and L1
action of IAO
lateral flexion, trunk flexion, ipsilateral trunk rotation (w/ unilateral contraction)
joining of IAO aponeurosis with transversus abdominis to form
conjoint tendon
around the spermatic cord is
cremasteric muscle fibers and fascia
exists between IAO and the transverse abdominis muscle
neurovascular plane
contents of the neurovascular plane
- thoracoabominal nerves T7-T11
- subcostal nerves T12
- iliohypogastric nerves (ventral rami L1)
- inferior intercostal, subcostal, and lumbar arteries
- deep circumflex iliac arteries
fibers run transversomedially
transverse abdominal muscle
origin of transverse abdominis
thoracolumbar fascia
innervation of transversus abdominis
T7-T11 thoracoabdominal nerves, subcostal nerve T12, and L1
action of transversus abdominis
compression of abdominal contents (lumbar stability)
long, broad linear muscle located anteriorly just along midline with 3 tendinous insertions
rectus abdominis muscle
action of rectus abdominis
trunk flexion and abdominal compression (NO ROTATION)
the rectus sheath lies ____ to the arcuate line
superior and inferior
anterior rectus sheath is formed by
EAO and anterior 1/2 of IAO aponeurosis
posterior rectus sheath is formed by
transversus abdominis and posterior 1/2 IAO aponeurosis
posterior and anterior rectus sheath form at the
linea alba
inferior to the arcuate line, the aponeurosis of all three flat muscles pass _____ leaving it covered by only the transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum posteriorly
anteriorly
arise from the internal thoracic arteries and descends within the belly of the rectus abdominis within its sheath
superior epigastric arteries (R and L)
arises from the external iliac artery and runs superiorly and enters the rectus sheath DEEP to the rectus abdominis muscle belly
inferior epigastric arteries (R and L)
the inferior epigastric arteries form the ________ to determine whether an inguinal herniation is direct of indirect
lateral umbilical fold
arise from the femoral arteries and run in the superficial fascia towards umbilicus
superficial epigastric arteries
arise from femoral arteries, but run in the superficial fascia along the inguinal ligament
superficial circumflex iliac arteries
arise from the external iliac arteries and run along the deep aspect of the anterior abdominal wall parallel to the inguinal ligament
deep circumflex iliac arteries
what artery anastomoses with the iliolumbar artery
deep circumflex iliac artery
serves as communication between the femoral vein and axillary vein
thoracoepigastric vein (bypass for a failing liver)
portal obstruction causes the thoracoepigastric veins along the paraumbilical veins to varicose
caput medusae
what nerves innervate the inferior part of the external oblique and skin over the ASIS
subcostal nerves
what nerve innervates the skin of the hypogastric region and the skin over the iliac crest, internal oblique and the transverse abdominal muscles
iliohypogastric nerves (damaged in sea section)
innervates the skin of the scrotum and labia majora, mons pubis, and medial aspect of the thigh, as well as the internal oblique and transverse abdominis muscles
ilioinguinal nerves (ventral rami L1)
superior to the umbilicus drain into the ______ lymph nodes
axillary
inferior to the umbilicus drain into the ______ lymph nodes
superficial inguinal
deep lymphatics drain into
external iliac, common iliac, and lumbar lymph nodes
