Abdominal Wall I

Question 1

What are the two planes that define the 4 quadrants of the abdominal wall

Answer 1

1. transumbilical plane

2. median plane

Question 2

horizontal plane through the umbilicus at the IVD between L3 - L4

Answer 2

transumbilical plane

Question 3

vertical plane dividing body into right and left halves

Answer 3

median plane

Question 4

the abdomen is divided into how many regions

Answer 4

9

Question 5

what are the 4 planes that delineate the regions

Answer 5

1. R and L midclavicular planes
2. subcostal plane
3. transtubercular plane - which passes through the L5 vertebral body

Question 6

what are the 9 abdominal regions

Answer 6

1. epigastric
2. umbilical
3. hypogastric
4. R and L hypochondriac
5. R and L lumbar
6. R and L inguinal

Question 7

fatty, superficial layer of fascia

Answer 7

camper’s fascia

Question 8

deep, membranous layer of fascia

Answer 8

scarpa’s fascia

Question 9

what is the external to internal order of fascial in the abdominal wall

Answer 9

1. subcutaneous tissue - campers and scarpa’s fascia
2. deep fascia
3. transversalis fascia
4. endoabdominal fat (visceral fat)
5. parietal peritoneum (peritonitis)

Question 10

largest and most superficial of the 3 flat abdominal muscles

Answer 10

external oblique muscle (EAO)

Question 11

insertion of the EAO

Answer 11

linea alba (midline), pubic tubercle, and anterior half of iliac crest

Question 12

innervation of EAO

Answer 12

thoracoabdominal nerves T6-T11 and subcostal nerve T12

Question 13

what is the distal extension of T7-T11 intercostal nerves

Answer 13

T12 subcostal nerve

Question 14

action of the EAO

Answer 14

lateral flexion, flexion, contralateral trunk rotation (w/ unilateral contraction)

Question 15

males: the EAO becomes the ______ around the scrotum and spermatic cord

Answer 15

superficial spermatic fascial covering

Question 16

males and females: thickened inferior margin of the EAO aponeurosis folds back onto itself to become ____ (ASIS to pubic tubercle)

Answer 16

inguinal ligament

Question 17

males and females: defect in the EAO aponeurosis forms the _________

Answer 17

superficial inguinal ring

Question 18

fibers run in the orientation of internal intercostal muscles

Answer 18

internal oblique muscle (IAO)

Question 19

innervation of IAO

Answer 19

thoracoabdominal nerves T7-T11, subcostal nerve T12, and L1

Question 20

action of IAO

Answer 20

lateral flexion, trunk flexion, ipsilateral trunk rotation (w/ unilateral contraction)

Question 21

joining of IAO aponeurosis with transversus abdominis to form

Answer 21

conjoint tendon

Question 22

around the spermatic cord is

Answer 22

cremasteric muscle fibers and fascia

Question 23

exists between IAO and the transverse abdominis muscle

Answer 23

neurovascular plane

Question 24

contents of the neurovascular plane

Answer 24

1. thoracoabominal nerves T7-T11
2. subcostal nerves T12
3. iliohypogastric nerves (ventral rami L1)
4. inferior intercostal, subcostal, and lumbar arteries
5. deep circumflex iliac arteries

Question 25

fibers run transversomedially

Answer 25

transverse abdominal muscle

Question 26

origin of transverse abdominis

Answer 26

thoracolumbar fascia

Question 27

innervation of transversus abdominis

Answer 27

T7-T11 thoracoabdominal nerves, subcostal nerve T12, and L1

Question 28

action of transversus abdominis

Answer 28

compression of abdominal contents (lumbar stability)

Question 29

long, broad linear muscle located anteriorly just along midline with 3 tendinous insertions

Answer 29

rectus abdominis muscle

Question 30

action of rectus abdominis

Answer 30

trunk flexion and abdominal compression (NO ROTATION)

Question 31

the rectus sheath lies ____ to the arcuate line

Answer 31

superior and inferior

Question 32

anterior rectus sheath is formed by

Answer 32

EAO and anterior 1/2 of IAO aponeurosis

Question 33

posterior rectus sheath is formed by

Answer 33

transversus abdominis and posterior 1/2 IAO aponeurosis

Question 34

posterior and anterior rectus sheath form at the

Answer 34

linea alba

Question 35

inferior to the arcuate line, the aponeurosis of all three flat muscles pass _____ leaving it covered by only the transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum posteriorly

Answer 35

anteriorly

Question 36

arise from the internal thoracic arteries and descends within the belly of the rectus abdominis within its sheath

Answer 36

superior epigastric arteries (R and L)

Question 37

arises from the external iliac artery and runs superiorly and enters the rectus sheath DEEP to the rectus abdominis muscle belly

Answer 37

inferior epigastric arteries (R and L)

Question 38

the inferior epigastric arteries form the ________ to determine whether an inguinal herniation is direct of indirect

Answer 38

lateral umbilical fold

Question 39

arise from the femoral arteries and run in the superficial fascia towards umbilicus

Answer 39

superficial epigastric arteries

Question 40

arise from femoral arteries, but run in the superficial fascia along the inguinal ligament

Answer 40

superficial circumflex iliac arteries

Question 41

arise from the external iliac arteries and run along the deep aspect of the anterior abdominal wall parallel to the inguinal ligament

Answer 41

deep circumflex iliac arteries

Question 42

what artery anastomoses with the iliolumbar artery

Answer 42

deep circumflex iliac artery

Question 43

serves as communication between the femoral vein and axillary vein

Answer 43

thoracoepigastric vein (bypass for a failing liver)

Question 44

portal obstruction causes the thoracoepigastric veins along the paraumbilical veins to varicose

Answer 44

caput medusae

Question 45

what nerves innervate the inferior part of the external oblique and skin over the ASIS

Answer 45

subcostal nerves

Question 46

what nerve innervates the skin of the hypogastric region and the skin over the iliac crest, internal oblique and the transverse abdominal muscles

Answer 46

iliohypogastric nerves (damaged in sea section)

Question 47

innervates the skin of the scrotum and labia majora, mons pubis, and medial aspect of the thigh, as well as the internal oblique and transverse abdominis muscles

Answer 47

ilioinguinal nerves (ventral rami L1)

Question 48

superior to the umbilicus drain into the ______ lymph nodes

Answer 48

axillary

Question 49

inferior to the umbilicus drain into the ______ lymph nodes

Answer 49

superficial inguinal

Question 50

deep lymphatics drain into

Answer 50

external iliac, common iliac, and lumbar lymph nodes