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Viscera Lecture > Digestive System I > Flashcards

Digestive System I Flashcards

1
Q

what are the organs of the digestive tube

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, rectum, anus

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2
Q

what are the accessory organs used in digestion

A

salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas

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3
Q

oral cavity is otherwise known as the

A

buccal cavity

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4
Q

what are the three salivary glands

A
  1. parotid
  2. submandibular
  3. sublingual
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5
Q

below zygomatic arch and anterior to ear, just beneath skin with single ducts that open lateral to 2nd upper molar (stensons duct)

A

parotid gland

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6
Q

parotid gland is innervated by what

A

parasym - CN IX

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7
Q

in the floor of the mouth on inner surface on the sides of the frenulum, posterior to the lower incisors

A

submandibular gland

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8
Q

submandibular gland is innervated by what

A

parasym - CN VII

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9
Q

beneath the mucosa on the floor of the mouth with numerous ducts to open along the sides of the tongue

A

sublingual gland

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10
Q

sublingual gland is innervated by what

A

parasym - CN VII

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11
Q

esophagus extends from ____ and vertebra level ___ and terminates in the _____ at the ___

A

start: pharynx @ C6
end: cardial orifice @ stomach

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12
Q

what are the three esophagial potential restrictions

A
  1. upper esophageal sphincter
  2. broncho-aortic constriction
  3. lower esophageal sphincter
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13
Q

cricopharyngeus muscle which demarcates the beginning of the esophagus (potential restriction)

A

upper esophageal sphincter

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14
Q

area where the esophagus is first crossed by the arch of the aorta and then by the left main bronchus (potential restriction)

A

broncho-aortic constriction

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15
Q

@T10 located where the esophagus passes through esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm. prevents reflux of gastric contents (potential restricition)

A

lower esophageal sphincter

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16
Q

the esophagus is a ____ derivative

A

foregut

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17
Q

the abdominal part of the esophagus extends from the diaphragm to the cardiac region of the stomach (______) 1.25cm

A

cardial orifice)

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18
Q

the esophagus is attached to the diaphragm by way of the _____

A

phrenicoesophageal ligament (allows movement during breathing)

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19
Q

the left border of the esophagus is delineated from the stomach by the

A

cardiac notch

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20
Q

what anatomical line lines the abrupt change in the epithelial lining of the esophagus

A

zig zag line (z line)

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21
Q

what vertebral landmark is the z line located

A

@ T11

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22
Q

esophagus is lined with ____ epithelium above diaphragm

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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23
Q

below the diaphragm the esophagus is lined with ____ epithelium

A

columnar

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24
Q

what artery supplies the esophageal branch of the esophagus

A

left gastric artery

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25
Q

what artery supplies the lower portion (abdominal portion) of the esophagus

A

left inferior phrenic artery

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26
Q

portal venous return of the esophagus via liver

A

left gastric vein (alcoholic cirrhosis)

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27
Q

systemic venous return of esophagus through the ___

A

azygos vein

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28
Q

para and sym innervation of esophagus

A

para - vagus nerve CN X

sym - greater and lesser splanchnic nerves

29
Q

what are the 5 parts of the stomach

A
  1. cardia
  2. fundus
  3. cardial notch
  4. body
  5. pyloric
30
Q

surrounds the superior orifice of stomach

A

cardia

31
Q

superior portion of the stomach that is associated with the diaphragm

A

fundus

32
Q

found between the esophagus and fundus of the stomach

A

cardial notch

33
Q

central portion between the fundus and pylorus (largest part of stomach)

A

body

34
Q

funnel shaped inferior region of the stomach

A

pyloric

35
Q

largest part of the pyloric funnel is the

A

pyloric antrum

36
Q

the narrow inferior part of the pyloric is the

A

pyloric canal

37
Q

distal sphincter region of the stomach that controls the discharge of stomach contents

A

pylorus

38
Q

ventral aspect of the primitive foregut - right border of stomach

A

lesser curvature

39
Q

dorsal aspect of the primitive foregut - left border of stomach

A

greater curvature

40
Q

dorsal mesentery attached to the greater curvature of the stomach and the transverse colon

A

greater omentum

41
Q

ventral mesentery attaches the stomach and proximal duodenum to the liver and is divided into hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments

A

lesser omentum

42
Q

what is found within the portal triad within the hepatoduodenal ligament

A
  1. portal vein
  2. hepatic artery
  3. bile duct
43
Q

folds seen inside the stomach

A

gastric rugae

44
Q

what are the 5 arteries that supply the stomach

A
  1. left gastric
  2. right gastric
  3. right gastro-omental
  4. left gastro-omental
  5. short gastric
45
Q

arises from celiac trunk and runs in the lesser omentum to the cardia, turns back to run along the lesser curvature of the stomach and anastomose with the R gastric a.

A

left gastric a (may give off esophageal branches)

46
Q

arises from the proper hepatic artery and runs along the lesser curvature

A

right gastric a

47
Q

arises from the gastroduodenal artery and runs along the greater curvature to anastomose with the left gastro-omental artery within the greater omentum

A

right gastro-omental a

48
Q

arises from the splenic artery and runs along the greater curvature

A

left gastro-omental a

49
Q

arise from splenic artey and vascularizes the fundus of the stomach

A

short gastric a

50
Q

para and sym innervation of the stomach

A

para - vagal trunks
sym -
T6-T9 levels of the stomach (pregang fibers from greater splanchnic)
T5-T9 (postgang from celiac ganglion)

51
Q

20 feet in length

A

small intestine

52
Q

(1 foot) C shaped and receives bile from gall bladder, and enzymes from the pancreas

A

duodenum

53
Q

(8 foot) majority of chemical digestion occurs here. mucosa has circular folds of Kerckring gibing it a rough appearance. found MOSTLY in LUQ

A

jejunum (long vasa recta)

54
Q

longest part, contents empty into cecum after passing the ileocecal valve. found MOSTLY in RLQ

A

ileum (short vasa recta)

55
Q

short vasa recta with 2-3 layer of arterial arcades

A

ileum

56
Q

long vasa recta and one layer of arterial arcades

A

jejunum

57
Q

para and sym of small intestine

A

para - posterior vagal trunk

sym - postgang superior mesenteric ganglia

58
Q

part of duodenum that sits @ L1 and has hepatoduodenal ligament (ventral mesentary)

A

superior part of duodenum

59
Q

part of duodenum that sits @L1-L3 and has hepatopancreatic ampulla of vater

A

descending part of duodenum

60
Q

the union of the bile duct and the major pancreatic duct

A

hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater (not tag in lab)

61
Q

prominence on the inside of the duodenum

A

major duodenal papilla (tag in lab)

62
Q

this part of the duodenum is crossed by the superior mesenteric artery and vein

A

horizontal part

63
Q

part of duodenum that ascends to the L2 vert. and is short

A

ascending part

64
Q

allows for the facilitation of movement of intestinal contents and is supported by the suspensory muscle (ligament of Trietz)

A

duodenojejunal flexure

65
Q

the horizontal and ascending parts of the duodeum are mainly vascularized by the

A

superior mesenteric artery

66
Q

what two arteries supply the proximal part down to the bile duct of the duodenum

A

gastroduodenal a and superior pancreaticoduodenal a

67
Q

the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is from the

A

superior mesenteric artery

68
Q

para and sym innervation of the duodenum

A

para - vagus nerve

sym - celiac ganglia and superior mesenteric ganglia

Viscera Lecture (11 decks)

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