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Anatomy > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

The respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system and cardiovascular system work together to support cells and tissues of the body that would otherwise not be able to sustain themselves

A

The respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system and cardiovascular system work together to support cells and tissues of the body that would otherwise not be able to sustain themselves

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2
Q

The ___________ is the conduit for delivery and removal of what is necessary to support cells and tissues of the body

A

cardiovascular system

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3
Q

What are the organs of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

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4
Q

The ______ are metabolically very active

A

Kidneys

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5
Q

What produces urine?

A

Kidneys

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6
Q

At rest, kidneys receive about ____% of the cardiac output

A

25%

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7
Q

The two kidneys perform the ______ functions of the urinary system

A

excretory

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8
Q

The ______ receive the urine from the kidneys and conduct it to the urinary bladder

A

ureters

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9
Q

Urine movement involves a combination of gravity and the peristaltic contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the ______

A

ureters

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10
Q

The ______ receives and stores urine prior to its elimination from the body

A

urinary bladder

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11
Q

What is urination caused by?

A

contraction of smooth muscle layers in the walls of the urinary bladder

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12
Q

The ______ is a passageway that conducts urine from the urinary bladder to the exterior

A

urethra

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13
Q

What are the functions of the urinary system?

A
  • Adjusting blood volume and blood pressure
  • Regulating blood plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, and other ions
  • Stabilizing blood pH
  • Conserving valuable nutrients by preventing their loss in urine
  • Removing drugs and toxins from the bloodstream
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14
Q

Urine production functions to maintain _________ by regulating the volume and composition of blood, which includes the excretion of metabolic waste products

A

homeostasis

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15
Q

The kidneys lie behind the parietal peritoneum that lines the abdominal cavity; they are considered to be in a __________ position.

A

retroperitoneal

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16
Q

The ________ covers the outer surface of the kidney, it also lines the renal sinus

A

fibrous capsule

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17
Q

_______ is an internal cavity within the kidney

A

renal sinus

18
Q

The outer and inner linings of the kidney are continuous at the _______

A

hilum

19
Q

Within the renal sinus, the ____________ stabilizes the positions of the ureter, the renal blood vessels, and renal nerves

A

fibrous capsule

20
Q

The ______ is the superficial portion of the kidney, in contact with the fibrous capsule.

A

Renal cortex, the cortex is reddish brown and granular

21
Q

The _______ extends from the renal cortex to the renal sinus

A

Renal medulla

22
Q

A _______ is a conical structure extending from the cortex to a tip called the renal papilla

A

renal pyramid

23
Q

A ______ is a band of granular tissue that separates adjacent pyramids

A

renal column

24
Q

A _____ consists of a renal pyramid, the overlying area of renal cortex, and adjacent tissues of the renal columns.

A

Kidney lobe

25
Q

How many kidney lobes are in each kidney

A

Each kidney contains 6-18 kidney lobes

26
Q

Where does urine production occur in the kidneys

A

Kidney lobes

27
Q

_________ collects urine produced by a single kidney lobe

A

Minor calyx

28
Q

_________ is formed by the fusion of 3-4 minor calyces

A

Major calyx

29
Q

The ______ is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration of blood and carrying the filtrate through its tubular structure and the collecting system of the kidney to ultimately leave the kidney as urine

A

nephron

30
Q

_______ are the most numerous nephrons. They are responsible for most of the regulatory functions of the kidneys.

A

Cortical nephrons

31
Q

___________ play a crucial role in establishing conditions in the renal medulla that are essential to water conservation and the production of concentrated urine

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

32
Q

Each kidney is highly vascularized with a very complex circulation provided to the renal cortex where the relationship between complex capillary networks and the tubular structure of the nephron facilitates filtration and formation of urine

A

Each kidney is highly vascularized with a very complex circulation provided to the renal cortex where the relationship between complex capillary networks and the tubular structure of the nephron facilitates filtration and formation of urine

33
Q

______ is a cup-shaped chamber into which filtrate flows

A

Bowman’s capsule

34
Q

What is glomerulus

A

capillary network through which filtration occurs

35
Q

What is proximal tubule

A

initial segment of the renal tubule responsible for the major reabsorption of water, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and ions from the filtrate

36
Q

What is distal tubule

A

Last segment of the renal tubule responsible for a small amount of reabsorption of water and ions

37
Q

What does the collecting duct do

A

Receives the urine from the individual nephrons and performs final adjustments in urine volume and composition before delivering it into a minor calyx

38
Q

What is loop of henle with capillary network

A

Middle segment of the renal tubule responsible for reabsorption of water and ions

39
Q

The kidneys and ureters are _________ in their positions

A

retroperitoneal

40
Q

Each _____ crosses the common iliac artery and vein as it enters the pelvis

A

ureter

41
Q

The urinary bladder is filled by the ______ and drained by the ______

A

ureters

urethra

42
Q

What is the trigone?

A

a triangular region or tissue, particularly the area at the base of the urinary bladder, between the openings of the ureters and urethra

Anatomy (31 decks)

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