Urinary System Flashcards
The respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system and cardiovascular system work together to support cells and tissues of the body that would otherwise not be able to sustain themselves
The respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system and cardiovascular system work together to support cells and tissues of the body that would otherwise not be able to sustain themselves
The ___________ is the conduit for delivery and removal of what is necessary to support cells and tissues of the body
cardiovascular system
What are the organs of the urinary system?
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
The ______ are metabolically very active
Kidneys
What produces urine?
Kidneys
At rest, kidneys receive about ____% of the cardiac output
25%
The two kidneys perform the ______ functions of the urinary system
excretory
The ______ receive the urine from the kidneys and conduct it to the urinary bladder
ureters
Urine movement involves a combination of gravity and the peristaltic contractions of smooth muscle in the walls of the ______
ureters
The ______ receives and stores urine prior to its elimination from the body
urinary bladder
What is urination caused by?
contraction of smooth muscle layers in the walls of the urinary bladder
The ______ is a passageway that conducts urine from the urinary bladder to the exterior
urethra
What are the functions of the urinary system?
- Adjusting blood volume and blood pressure
- Regulating blood plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, and other ions
- Stabilizing blood pH
- Conserving valuable nutrients by preventing their loss in urine
- Removing drugs and toxins from the bloodstream
Urine production functions to maintain _________ by regulating the volume and composition of blood, which includes the excretion of metabolic waste products
homeostasis
The kidneys lie behind the parietal peritoneum that lines the abdominal cavity; they are considered to be in a __________ position.
retroperitoneal
The ________ covers the outer surface of the kidney, it also lines the renal sinus
fibrous capsule
_______ is an internal cavity within the kidney
renal sinus
The outer and inner linings of the kidney are continuous at the _______
hilum
Within the renal sinus, the ____________ stabilizes the positions of the ureter, the renal blood vessels, and renal nerves
fibrous capsule
The ______ is the superficial portion of the kidney, in contact with the fibrous capsule.
Renal cortex, the cortex is reddish brown and granular
The _______ extends from the renal cortex to the renal sinus
Renal medulla
A _______ is a conical structure extending from the cortex to a tip called the renal papilla
renal pyramid
A ______ is a band of granular tissue that separates adjacent pyramids
renal column
A _____ consists of a renal pyramid, the overlying area of renal cortex, and adjacent tissues of the renal columns.
Kidney lobe
How many kidney lobes are in each kidney
Each kidney contains 6-18 kidney lobes
Where does urine production occur in the kidneys
Kidney lobes
_________ collects urine produced by a single kidney lobe
Minor calyx
_________ is formed by the fusion of 3-4 minor calyces
Major calyx
The ______ is the functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtration of blood and carrying the filtrate through its tubular structure and the collecting system of the kidney to ultimately leave the kidney as urine
nephron
_______ are the most numerous nephrons. They are responsible for most of the regulatory functions of the kidneys.
Cortical nephrons
___________ play a crucial role in establishing conditions in the renal medulla that are essential to water conservation and the production of concentrated urine
Juxtamedullary nephrons
Each kidney is highly vascularized with a very complex circulation provided to the renal cortex where the relationship between complex capillary networks and the tubular structure of the nephron facilitates filtration and formation of urine
Each kidney is highly vascularized with a very complex circulation provided to the renal cortex where the relationship between complex capillary networks and the tubular structure of the nephron facilitates filtration and formation of urine
______ is a cup-shaped chamber into which filtrate flows
Bowman’s capsule
What is glomerulus
capillary network through which filtration occurs
What is proximal tubule
initial segment of the renal tubule responsible for the major reabsorption of water, glucose, amino acids, vitamins, and ions from the filtrate
What is distal tubule
Last segment of the renal tubule responsible for a small amount of reabsorption of water and ions
What does the collecting duct do
Receives the urine from the individual nephrons and performs final adjustments in urine volume and composition before delivering it into a minor calyx
What is loop of henle with capillary network
Middle segment of the renal tubule responsible for reabsorption of water and ions
The kidneys and ureters are _________ in their positions
retroperitoneal
Each _____ crosses the common iliac artery and vein as it enters the pelvis
ureter
The urinary bladder is filled by the ______ and drained by the ______
ureters
urethra
What is the trigone?
a triangular region or tissue, particularly the area at the base of the urinary bladder, between the openings of the ureters and urethra
