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Anatomy > Primary Tissues Good Version > Flashcards

Primary Tissues Good Version Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of primary tissues?

A

Epithelial, connective, neural, muscle.

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2
Q

What does epithelial tissue do?

A

covers exposed surfaces(skin), lines internal passageways, forms secretory glands (sweat/salvatory)

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3
Q

What does connective tissue do?

A

Fills internal spaces, provides structural support, stores energy as fat

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4
Q

What does muscle tissue do?

A

Contracts to produce movement, includes skeletal muscle(voluntary), cardiac muscles, and smooth muscles

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5
Q

What does neural tissue do?

A

Conducts electrical impulses, carries information(telling muscles to contract, glands to excrete), very specialized

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6
Q

What 2 categories does Epithelial tissue include?

A

Epithelia and glands

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of glands and what are their functions?

A

Exocrine glands- secrete onto external surfaces or into passageways

Endocrine glands- secrete hormones or their precursors that enter the blood stream

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8
Q

What do motile cilia do?

A

Typically associated with epithelial cells that line the passageways respiratory and reproductive tracts

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9
Q

What is the function of microvilli?

A

Typically associated with epithelial cells that line the passageways of the digestive and urinary tracts

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10
Q

What is the function of junctional complexes

A

between adjacent epithelial cells provide structural stability to the epithelium and also function to make the epithelium an effective barrier between what’s in the lumen of the passageway and deeper tissues

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11
Q

What is the difference between simple epithelia and stratified epithelia?

A

Simple epithelia are found where only a single layer of cells is necessary and Stratified epithelia are found in areas that need protection from mechanical or chemical stresses

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12
Q

Simple squamous epithelia

A

located in regions where diffusion takes place or where a slick slippery surface reduces friction.

lungs for gas exchange
lining body cavities
inner surface of heart and blood vessels

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13
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelia

A

are located in regions where secretion and absorption take place.
kidney tubules thyroid follicles

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14
Q

Simple columnar epithelia

A

are located also in regions where secretion and absorption take place; these cells may contain microvilli, which increase surface area for absorption.
small intestine gall bladder uterine tubes

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15
Q

Stratified squamous epithelia

A 
are located in regions where mechanical or chemical stresses are significant.
skin
lining of the mouth esophagus
rectum
vagina
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16
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelia

A

are fairly rare. sweat gland ducts

mammary gland ducts

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17
Q

Stratified columnar epithelia

A

are typically found in two or more layers of cells with the most superficial layer truly columnar in shape.
salivary gland ducts pancreatic ducts

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18
Q

Epithelia are avascular, what does that mean?

A

the cells must obtain nutrients by diffusion or absorption across either the apical, exposed or basal attached surfaces

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19
Q

What are the 6 functions of connective tissue?

A

Establish a structural framework for the body
• Transport fluids and dissolved materials
• Protect delicate organs
• Support, surround and interconnect other types of tissue
• Store energy in the form of fat
• Defend the body from invading microorganisms

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20
Q

All types of connective tissues have three common elements, what are they?

A
  1. Specialized cells
  2. Extracellular protein fibers
  3. A fluid “ground substance”

2+3 make up the matrix

21
Q

What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue?

A

Areolar, adipose, reticular

22
Q

Describe areolar tissue

A

is the most common form of connective tissue proper. It is the general “packing material” in the body.

23
Q

Describe adipose tissue

A

is commonly referred to as “fat” and is found deep to the skin in many locations but especially the flanks, buttocks, and breasts. It also provides padding in the orbits, in the abdominal and pelvic cavities and around the kidneys.

24
Q

Describe reticular tissue

A

forms a tough but flexible network of fibers that provide support for cells and resist distortion for the liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow.

25
Q

What are the 3 types of dense connective tissue?

A

Dense regular connective tissue, Dense irregular connective tissue, Elastic connective tissue

26
Q

Describe dense regular connective tissue

A

found in tendons and ligaments that interconnect bones or stabilize the positions of internal organs.

27
Q

Describe dense irregular connective tissue

A

is a meshwork of fibers typically found in areas subjected to stresses from multiple directions such as deep layers of skin and capsules that form sheaths around organs and nerves.

28
Q

Describe elastic connective tissue

A

because it is springy and resilient, is found between vertebrae and in the walls of large blood vessels, especially arteries such as the aorta.

29
Q

Describe fluid connective tissue

A

have a fluid matrix containing proteins but not typically fibers. The watery matrix of blood is called plasma. Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are the formed elements of blood that are suspended in plasma.

30
Q

What is lymph

A

formed as interstitial fluid drains into lymphatic vessels that return tissue fluid to venous blood.

31
Q

What are the 2 supporting connective tissues?

A

Cartilage and bone

32
Q

What is cartilage?

A

has a gel matrix containing lacunae that house the cells of cartilage, chondrocytes. The physical properties of cartilage depend on the molecular composition of the matrix and the presence of fibers

33
Q

Describe bone

A

has a matrix made up principally of calcium salts and collagen fibers that, in combination, give bone its strength yet flexible-but-resistant-to- shattering characteristics. Osteons (pictured) are the principal functional unit of bone with a central canal containing blood vessels that provide nutrients to osteocytes in lacunae that are interconnected by canaliculi.

34
Q

Mucous membrane

A

line passageways and chambers that communicate with the exterior, e.g., digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary tracts.

35
Q

Serous membranes

A

line body cavities: pleurae (lines thoracic cavity and covers lungs), pericardium (lines pericardial cavity and covers heart), and peritoneum, lines abdomino-pelvic cavity and covers organs.

36
Q

What does the cutaneous membrane do

A

covers the surface of the body

37
Q

What is superficial fascia and where is it located?

A

between skin and underlying organs; contains areolar and adipose loose connective tissues

38
Q

What is deep fascia and what does it do?

A

Dense connective tissue investing muscle and bound to other connective tissue structures

39
Q

What is subserous fascia and what does it do?

A

Between deep fascia and serous membranes lining body cavities; areolar tissue

40
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

41
Q

Describe skeletal muscle

A

moves or stabilizes the skeleton, guards entrances and exits to the digestive, respiratory and urinary tracts, generate heat and protect internal organs. Cells are long, striated, and have multiple nuclei.

42
Q

Describe cardiac muscle

A

moves blood and maintains blood pressure. Cardiac muscle cells are short, branched, and striated. Intercalated disks are intercellular junctions that synchronize cardiocyte contractions.

43
Q

Describe smooth muscle

A

moves food, urine and reproductive tract secretions and regulates the diameter of respiratory passages and blood vessels. Cells are short, spindle-shaped, non- striated and have a single central nucleus.

44
Q

Describe neural tissue

A

specialized to conduct electrical impulses from one region of the body to another. Most neural tissue in the body is found in the brain and spinal cord. Neurons and their supporting cells, neuroglia, comprise neural tissue.

45
Q

What is the control center for the cell

A

neuron’s cell body

46
Q

What does a dendrite do?

A

receive information from other neurons and transmit that information toward the cell body

47
Q

What does an axon do

A

conducts information away from the cell body to other cells

48
Q

What are the functions of neuroglia?

A

Maintain physical structure of neural tissue
Repair neural tissue framework after injury
Perform phagocytosis
Provide nutrients to neurons
Regulate the composition of the interstitial fluid surrounding neurons

Anatomy (31 decks)

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