Special Senses, Vision and Hearing

Question 1

What is olfaction?

Answer 1

smell

Question 2

What is audition

Answer 2

hearing

Question 3

What is gustation

Answer 3

taste

Question 4

1) Eye/Vision: CN-II; sensitive to photons

Answer 4

• part of the CNS
• enables sight, but also allows light to set body clock
• voluntary and reflex

Question 5

2) Ear/equilibrium and hearing- CN-VIII

Answer 5

• Sensitive to sound waves; movement and gravity

- All through the movement of hair cells

Question 6

CN-II involves what

Answer 6

optic

Question 7

CN-VIII involves what

Answer 7

vestibulocochlear

Question 8

What is the cornea

Answer 8

The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the anterior surface of the eye

Question 9

What is the lateral canthus

Answer 9

Where the 2 eyelids meet lateral

Question 10

What is the pupil

Answer 10

central opening in eye

Question 11

What is the medial canthus

Answer 11

where 2 eyelids meet medial

Question 12

What does the lacrimal apparatus do

Answer 12

produces and removes tears

lubricate, removes debris, provide nutrients and O_2 to the cornea and conjunctiva

Question 13

What is the function of the sclera/cornea?

Answer 13

outer—fibrous, supports, protects; muscles attach; cornea focuses

Question 14

What is the choroid?

Answer 14

vascular-delivers O_2 and nutrients to retina; iris; ciliary muscle/body

Question 15

What is the retina?

Answer 15

inner-neural, photoreceptors(respond to light)

Question 16

Where is the anterior chamber

Answer 16

cornea to iris

Question 17

Where is the posterior chamber

Answer 17

iris to lens

Question 18

What does the ciliary body do

Answer 18

produces aqueous humor

Question 19

What do the suspensory ligaments of the ciliary body do

Answer 19

hold lens

Question 20

What does the smooth muscle of the ciliary body do

Answer 20

Shapes lens(ring contracts and fattens lens)

Question 21

What does the iris do

Answer 21

pupil=opening; size controlled by pupillary dilator and constrictor m.

Question 22

What is visual axis?

Answer 22

line from object to retina

Question 23

Where does light travel in order

Answer 23

cornea-aqueous humor-lens-vitreous body-retina-choroid

Question 24

Describe macula

Answer 24

highest concentrations of photoreceptors

Question 25

Describe fovea

Answer 25

depressed, central part of macula, sharpest vision(look directly at object)

Question 26

Describe the optic nerve

Answer 26

carries information from the retina to the brain

Question 27

What is the optic disc

Answer 27

The blind spot, that has no photoreceptors so there is no image detection

Question 28

What is auricle

Answer 28

cartilage

Question 29

What is the tympanic membrane

Answer 29

ear drum the separates external from middle ear

Question 30

What is the internal acoustic meatus

Answer 30

lined with hair and cerumen; otitis externa

air filled

Question 31

What are auditory ossicles

Answer 31

malleus, incus, stapes: connect tympani to cochlea

Question 32

What is the auditory tube

Answer 32

connects middle ear with nasopharynx; equalize pressure

Question 33

What is otitis media

Answer 33

infection of the middle ear

Question 34

Describe the tympanic membrane. What is in it?

Answer 34

Auditory ossicles

• malleus
• incus
• stapes

Question 35

What number is the vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 35

CN-VIII

Question 36

What is the bony labyrinth

Answer 36

with an internal membranous labyrinth

• fluid filled
  1) Semicircular canals-rotation
  2) Vestibule-gravity and linear acceleration
  3) Cochlea-hearing

Question 37

Describe semicircular canal

Answer 37

hair cells that respond to ROTATION(fluid only)

Question 38

Describe vestibule

Answer 38

hair cells that respond to GRAVITY and LINEAR ACCELERATION

-otoliths

Question 39

What is the cochlea’s function

Answer 39

hearing