Respiratory System Flashcards
What makes up the upper respiratory system?
Nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx
What makes up the lower respiratory system?
Larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, smallest bronchioles, alveoli
Respiratory portion of the tract consist of
smallest bronchioles, alveoli
Conducting portion of the tract consist of
Nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles
What is the function of the upper respiratory system
The upper respiratory system filters, warms and humidifies incoming air (all of which protects the delicate surfaces of the lower respiratory system) and resorbs heat and water from outgoing air.
What is the function of the lower respiratory system?
The lower respiratory system conducts air to and from gas exchange surfaces
Constant movement of ____ sweeps mucus and debris toward the pharynx where they will be either coughed out or swallowed
cilia
What 2 things clean and protect respiratory surfaces
Ciliary movement and mucus
What is lamina propria?
Loose connective tissue providing support to the overlying epithelium; contains mucus glands
What is another name for a mucous cell
Goblet cell
The respiratory mucosa is an epithelium that lines the conducting portion of the respiratory tract. It is a ______________________________
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
What do goblet cells produce?
Goblet cells produce a sticky mucus that bathes and protects exposed surfaces
What type of epithelium lines the pharynx
The pharynx is lined with a stratified squamous epithelium to protect it against abrasion
What type of epithelium is found in narrower respiratory passages?
Cuboidal epithelium
The histological structure of the respiratory epithelium changes dramatically along the entire length of the respiratory tract.
The histological structure of the respiratory epithelium changes dramatically along the entire length of the respiratory tract.
What is the primary passageway for air entering the respiratory system?
Nose
What does air do after it enters the nose?
Air swirls around conchae and particles become trapped in mucus. Air also becomes warmed and humidified.
The _____ is shared by the respiratory and digestive systems.
Pharynx
The __________ extends from the posterior part of the nasal cavity to the soft palate
nasopharynx
The _________ extends between the soft palate and the base of the tongue at the level of the hyoid bone
oropharynx
The __________ extends between the hyoid bone and the entrance to the larynx
laryngopharynx
What is the actual name of the “voice box”
larynx
What are the 2 large cartilages that make up the larynx
Thyroid and cricoid cartilage
What is the larynx made up of?
Cartilage
What is thyroid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage – forms the laryngeal prominence or Adam’s apple. It is attached by a ligament to the hyoid bone.
What is cricoid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage – a ring of cartilage inferior to the thyroid cartilage.
What is the epiglottis?
Epiglottis – forms a lid over the larynx; during swallowing the epiglottis folds back over the larynx and prevents food and liquid from entering the respiratory tract.
It is the fold preventing food to go down the wrong hole.
What is the vocal ligament?
elastic ligament within the vocal fold (true vocal cords) that vibrates and produces phonation (sound production at the larynx).
What is the difference of intrapulmonary and extrapulmonary?
extrapulmonary (outside the lungs)
intrapulmonary (inside the lungs)
How many lobes are in the right lung?
3
How many lobes are in the left lung?
2
The trachea’s rings of cartilage stiffen its wall and protect the airway.
The trachea’s rings of cartilage stiffen its wall and protect the airway.
What are the pleural cavities?
The right and left pleural cavities that house the lungs are formed similarly to the pericardial cavity that houses the heart.
What are the fissures called that separate the lobes of the lungs
Oblique-vertical
Horizontal-horizontal
Where does air flow in the lower respiratory tract?
Trachea
- primary bronchi
- secondary bronchi
- tertiary bronchi
- bronchioles
- terminal bronchioles to pulmonary lobules
The respiratory ________ marks the start of the respiratory portion of the tract in which gas exchange can occur.
bronchiole
A _______ is an air sac, across the wall of which exchange of gases occurs
alveolus
