Female Reproductive System Flashcards
Reproductive structures in either sex, male or female, typically include the following basic structures:
Gonads (testis, ovaries), accessory glands and organs, external genitalia.
Each _____ produces oocytes and hormones
ovary
Each _______ produces milk
mammary gland
Each _________ delivers an oocyte or embryo to the uterus; they are the normal sites of fertilization
uterine tube
The _________ is the site of fetal development
uterus
The ______ is the sire of sperm deposition, the birth canal during delivery and is a passageway for fluids during menstruation
vagina
___________ lubricate the entrance to the vagina and the external genitalia
accessory glands
The _____ contains erectile tissue and produces pleasurable sensations during sexual activity
clitoris
The _____ contain glands that lubricate the entrance to the vagina
labia
_______ extends between the uterine tube and the ovary stabilizing the position of the ovary.
mesovarium
________ extends from the uterus to the medial surface of the ovary
ovarian ligament
_______ extends from the lateral surface of the ovary to the pelvic wall. The major blood vessels of the ovary are carried in this ligament.
suspensory ligament
________ is a mesentery that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes and uterus attaching to the sides and floor of the pelvic cavity
broad ligament
At birth, the ovaries have about _______ primordial follicles. By puberty, only about _______ remain
2 million
400,000
During ______ cycles beginning at puberty, the cycle begins with a group of primordial follicles becoming activated.
ovarian
During ovarian cycles beginning at puberty, the cycle begins with a group of primordial follicles becoming activated. The follicle gradually changes to the point where a single secondary follicle becomes a ____________ from which an oocyte is ovulated.
vesicular (Graafian) follicle
The empty Graafian follicle collapses and forms the ________, which secretes hormones that prepare the uterus for pregnancy
corpus luteum
If fertilization does not occur, the _________ disintegrates and this marks the end of the ovarian cycle. A new ovarian cycle begins with the activation of another group of primordial follicles.
corpus luteum
______- outer serosa surface of the uterus; continuous with the peritoneal lining of the pelvic cavity
Perimetrium
What is myometrium
smooth muscle
What is endometrium
inner glandular lining; tissue composition changes during the course of the monthly uterine cycle
The uterine cycle begins with the onset of ______, in which the functional zone of the endometrium degenerates and is shed
menses
In the ___________, reorganization of the uterine glands occurs. By the time ovulation occurs, the functional zone is thick and glands are producing a glycogen-rich mucus that can be metabolized by an embryo in early stages
proliferative phase
In the ___________, glands enlarge and arteries supplying the uterine wall elongate and spiral. This phase lasts as long as the corpus luteum is intact; when it stops producing hormones, the next uterine cycle begins with the onset of menses
secretory phase
What days are menstruation days
1-6
What days are the pre-ovulation phase
7-12
What days are fertile days, ovulation
12-15
What days are the pre-menstrual phase
16-28
Hypothalamus releases ____________ to the anterior lobe of pituitary gland
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Anterior pituitary releases _______________ and _____________
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
What effects does follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) have on ovaries
- follicle development
- production of estrogen
Luteinizing hormone (LH) has the following effects on the ovary:
- Ovulation
- Production of progesterone
The ovaries release_______ and _________
- Estrogens
- Progesterone
The ________ is an elastic, muscular tube extending between the cervix and the vestibule.
vagina
The vagina’s 3 functions are
- Serves as a passageway for elimination of menstrual fluids
- Receives the male penis during sexual intercourse and holds sperm prior to passage into the uterus
- Forms the inferior portion of the birth canal through which the fetus passes during delivery
_____ contains erectile tissue; produces pleasurable sensations during sexual activity
clitoris
What 3 muscles make up the musculature of the urogenital triangle
1) Ischiocavernosus
2) Bulbospongiosus
3) Superficial transverse perineal
What is the vestibular bulb
erectile tissue similar to corpus spongiosum in the male
What is the vestibular gland
sercretes mucus similar to the bulbourethral glands in the male
Maternal _________ provide nourishment to infants over the initial period of adjustment to life outside the womb
mammary glands
__________ or milk production, is under the control of circulating hormones produced by the reproductive system
Lactation
