Axial Muscles Flashcards
What are the 4 groups of axial muscles
Muscles of the head and neck, muscles of the vertebral column, muscles of the trunk, muscles of the pelvic floor
Muscles of facial expression typically originate on the surface of the skull and they insert into the superficial fascia and dermis of the skin. When these muscles contract, the skin moves and results in facial expressions
Muscles of facial expression typically originate on the surface of the skull and they insert into the superficial fascia and dermis of the skin. When these muscles contract, the skin moves and results in facial expressions
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the orbicularis oris
Origin-maxillary bone and mandible
Insertion- lips
Action- compresses purses lips
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the orbicularis oculi
Origin-medial margin of orbit
Insertion-skin around eyelids
Action-closes eyes
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the frontal belly
Origin-epicranial aponeurosis
Insertion-skin of eyebrow and bridge of nose
Action-raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the occipital belly
Origin-occipital and temporal bone
Insertion-epicranial aponeurosis
Action-tenses and retracts scalp
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the platysma
Origin-superior thorax between cartilage of 2nd rib and acromion of scapula
Insertion-mandible and skin of cheek
Action-tenses skin of neck, depresses mandible and pulls lower lip inferiorly
Where are the temporalis, masseter, lateral/medial pterygoid located
Look at picture
What are the superficial muscles of mastication and what are their functions
Temporalis and masseter are both jaw closers
What are the deep muscles of mastication and what are their functions
Medial pterygoid is a jaw closer
Lateral pterygoid is a jaw opener
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the masseter
Origin- zygomatic arch
Insertion- lateral surface of mandibular ramus
Action- elevates mandible and closes the jaws
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the temporalis
origin-along temporal lines of skull
insertion-coronoid process of mandible
action-elevates mandible
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the pterygoids
Origin- lateral pterygoid plate
Insertion- medial surface of mandibular ramus
Action-
Medial:elevates the mandible and closes the jaws, or slides the mandible from side to side
Lateral:opens the jaws, protrudes the mandible, or slides the mandible from side to side
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the inferior rectus
Origin-sphenoid around optic canal
Insertion-inferior,medial surface of eyeball
Action-eye looks inferiorly
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the medial rectus
Origin-Sphenoid around optic canal
Insertion-medial surface of eyeball
Action-Eye looks medially
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the superior rectus
Origin-sphenoid around optic canal
Insertion-superior surface of eyeball
Action-eye looks superiorly
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the lateral rectus
Origin-sphenoid around optic canal
Insertion-lateral surface of eyeball
Action-eye looks laterally
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the inferior oblique
Origin-maxillary bone at anterior portion of orbit
Insertion-inferior, lateral surface of eyeball
Action-eye rolls, looks superiorly and laterally
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the superior oblique
Origin-sphenoid around optic canal
Insertion-superior, lateral surface of eyeball
Action-eye rolls, looks inferiorly and laterally
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the genioglossus
Origin-medial surface of mandible around chin
Insertion-body of tongue, hyoid bone
Action-depresses and protracts tongue
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the sternocleidomastoid
Origin-one head attaches to sternal end of clavicle, the other attaches to manubrium
Insertion-mastoid region of skull and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
Action-flexes the neck; one alone bends head toward shoulder and rotates neck
What are erector spinae muscles
represent a mass of muscle that extends from the sacrum to the skull. They are superficial extensors of the vertebral column
The erector spinae muscles are made up of the following muscle groups
spinalis (attach to spinous processes)
longissimus (attach to transverse processes)
iliocostalis (attach to ribs)
These muscles arise from a broad attachment to the posterior part of the iliac crest, sacrum and spinous processes. Their distal attachments are to ribs, transverse processes and spinous processes of vertebrae.
Acting bilaterally, they extend the vertebral column. Acting unilaterally, they laterally flex the vertebral column.
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the scalenes
Origin- transverse and costal processes of cervical vertebrae
Insertion-superior surfaces of first two ribs
Action-Elevate ribs or flex neck
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the external intercostals
Origin-inferior border of each rib
Insertion-superior border of more inferior rib
Action-elevates ribs
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the internal intercostals
Origin-superior border of each rib
Insertion-inferior border of the preceding rib
Action-depress ribs
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the external oblique
Origin-external and inferior borders of ribs 5-12
Insertion-linea alba and iliac crest
Action-compresses abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes or bends spine
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the internal oblique
Origin-lumbodorsal fascia and iliac crest
Insertion-inferior ribs, xiphoid process, and line alba
Action-compresses abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes or bends spine
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the diaphram
Origin- xiphoid process, cartilages of ribs 4-10, and anterior surfaces of lumbar vertebrae
Insertion-central tendinous sheet
Action-contraction expands thoracic cavity, compresses abdominopelvic cavity
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the rectus abdominis
Origin-superior surface of pubis around symphysis
Insertion-inferior surfaces of costal cartilages(ribs 5-7) and xiphoid process
Action-depresses ribs, flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen
What muscles make up the urogenital triangle
Bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, superficail transverse perineal, urogenital diaphragm, deep transverse perineal, external urethral sphincter
What muscles make up the anal triangle
Pelvic diaphragm, coccygeus, levator ani, iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus
