Structure of the heart Flashcards
What is the membrane/sac that surrounds the heart and attaches to the diaphragm and sternum
Pericardium
What is the region between the 2 pleural cavities (between lungs)
mediastinum
What is mesothelium
epithelial lining of body cavity
What is the outermost layer of the heart
Epicardium- outermost epithelial layer
What is the middle layer of the heart?
myocardium – middle muscular layer
What is the deepest layer of the heart?
endocardium – innermost epithelial lining of the inside of heart chambers and valves
What does cardiac muscle do
moves blood and maintains blood pressure
Describe cardiac muscles
Cardiac muscle cells are short, branched, and striated
What are intercalated disks
Intercalated disks are intercellular junctions that include gap junctions and function to synchronize cardiac muscle cell contraction
____________ is a groove marking the boundary between the atria and ventricles
Coronary sulcus
____________ is a depression marking the boundary between the right and left ventricles
anterior interventricular sulcus
____________ is a depression marking the boundary between the right and left ventricles
Posterior interventricular sulcus
Where do the left and right coronary arteries originate
Base of the aorta
What is the function of the left coronary artery
provides blood to the left atrium and ventricle and interventricular septum
What is the function of the right coronary artery
provides blood to the right
atrium, portions of both ventricles and the conducting system of the heart
What is the function of the circumflex artery
supplies the left atrium and posterior surface of left ventricle
What does the anterior interventricular artery do
sometimes called the left anterior descending (LAD) artery; supplies the left ventricle and interventricular septum
The circumflex artery and anterior interventricular artery are both branches of what?
left coronary artery
What is the function of the great cardiac vein
drains blood from the region
supplied by the anterior interventricular artery
What is the function of the small cardiac vein
drains blood from the right atrium and ventricle
What is the function of anterior cardiac veins
they drain blood from the right ventricle directly into the right atrium
What is the circumflex artery
continuation of left coronary artery supplying left atrium
What is the marginal artery
supplies the posterior surface of the left atrium and ventricle
What is the right coronary artery and what is its function
provides blood to the right
atrium, portions of both ventricles and the conducting system of the heart
What is the posterior interventricular artery and what is its function
supplies blood to the posterior portion of the interventricular septum and adjacent portions of the right and left ventricles
What is the function of the great cardiac vein
drains blood from the region
supplied by the anterior interventricular artery; drains into coronary sinus
What is the function of the posterior cardiac vein
drains the area supplied by the circumflex artery; drains into coronary sinus
What is the function of the coronary sinus
receives venous blood from
veins of the heart and empties directly into the right atrium
What is the function of the small cardiac vein
drains blood from the right
atrium and ventricle; drains into coronary sinus
What is the function of the middle cardiac vein
drains area supplied by the
posterior interventricular artery; drains into coronary sinus
The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae and the coronary sinus. It opens into the right ventricle through the _________
tricuspid atrioventricular valve
The right ventricle receives 1)________ blood from the 2)________ through the 3)_____________
1- deoxygenated blood
2- right atrium
3- tricuspid atrioventricular valve
The tricuspid valve has 1)________ or flaps to which are attached 2)_________, fibrous connective tissue strands that attach to 3)___________ on the wall of the ventricle
1- 3 cusps
2- chordae tendinae
3- papillary muscles
The right ventricle opens into the 1)_________ through the pulmonic valve
1- pulmonary trunk
The pulmonic and aortic valves are also called _________ valves
“semilunar”
The pulmonic and aortic valves each have ________ that open to allow blood to be ejected from the ventricles, but close to prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles
3 bowl shaped cusps
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the 1)____________. It opens into the left ventricle through the 2)_____________
1- pulmonary veins
2- bicuspid (mitral) atrioventricular valve
The bicuspid valve has 1)______ or flaps to which are attached 2)________, fibrous connective tissue strands that attach to 3)________ on the wall of the ventricle
1- 2 cusps
2- chordae tendinae
3- papillary muscles
The left ventricle opens into the aorta through the
aortic valve