Structure of the heart

Question 1

What is the membrane/sac that surrounds the heart and attaches to the diaphragm and sternum

Answer 1

Pericardium

Question 2

What is the region between the 2 pleural cavities (between lungs)

Answer 2

mediastinum

Question 3

What is mesothelium

Answer 3

epithelial lining of body cavity

Question 4

What is the outermost layer of the heart

Answer 4

Epicardium- outermost epithelial layer

Question 5

What is the middle layer of the heart?

Answer 5

myocardium – middle muscular layer

Question 6

What is the deepest layer of the heart?

Answer 6

endocardium – innermost epithelial lining of the inside of heart chambers and valves

Question 7

What does cardiac muscle do

Answer 7

moves blood and maintains blood pressure

Question 8

Describe cardiac muscles

Answer 8

Cardiac muscle cells are short, branched, and striated

Question 9

What are intercalated disks

Answer 9

Intercalated disks are intercellular junctions that include gap junctions and function to synchronize cardiac muscle cell contraction

Question 10

____________ is a groove marking the boundary between the atria and ventricles

Answer 10

Coronary sulcus

Question 11

____________ is a depression marking the boundary between the right and left ventricles

Answer 11

anterior interventricular sulcus

Question 12

____________ is a depression marking the boundary between the right and left ventricles

Answer 12

Posterior interventricular sulcus

Question 13

Where do the left and right coronary arteries originate

Answer 13

Base of the aorta

Question 14

What is the function of the left coronary artery

Answer 14

provides blood to the left atrium and ventricle and interventricular septum

Question 15

What is the function of the right coronary artery

Answer 15

provides blood to the right

atrium, portions of both ventricles and the conducting system of the heart

Question 16

What is the function of the circumflex artery

Answer 16

supplies the left atrium and posterior surface of left ventricle

Question 17

What does the anterior interventricular artery do

Answer 17

sometimes called the left
anterior descending (LAD) artery; supplies the left ventricle and interventricular septum

Question 18

The circumflex artery and anterior interventricular artery are both branches of what?

Answer 18

left coronary artery

Question 19

What is the function of the great cardiac vein

Answer 19

drains blood from the region

supplied by the anterior interventricular artery

Question 20

What is the function of the small cardiac vein

Answer 20

drains blood from the right atrium and ventricle

Question 21

What is the function of anterior cardiac veins

Answer 21

they drain blood from the right ventricle directly into the right atrium

Question 22

What is the circumflex artery

Answer 22

continuation of left coronary artery supplying left atrium

Question 23

What is the marginal artery

Answer 23

supplies the posterior surface of the left atrium and ventricle

Question 24

What is the right coronary artery and what is its function

Answer 24

provides blood to the right

atrium, portions of both ventricles and the conducting system of the heart

Question 25

What is the posterior interventricular artery and what is its function

Answer 25

supplies blood to the posterior portion of the interventricular septum and adjacent portions of the right and left ventricles

Question 26

What is the function of the great cardiac vein

Answer 26

drains blood from the region

supplied by the anterior interventricular artery; drains into coronary sinus

Question 27

What is the function of the posterior cardiac vein

Answer 27

drains the area supplied by the circumflex artery; drains into coronary sinus

Question 28

What is the function of the coronary sinus

Answer 28

receives venous blood from

veins of the heart and empties directly into the right atrium

Question 29

What is the function of the small cardiac vein

Answer 29

drains blood from the right

atrium and ventricle; drains into coronary sinus

Question 30

What is the function of the middle cardiac vein

Answer 30

drains area supplied by the

posterior interventricular artery; drains into coronary sinus

Question 31

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae and the coronary sinus. It opens into the right ventricle through the _________

Answer 31

tricuspid atrioventricular valve

Question 32

The right ventricle receives 1)________ blood from the 2)________ through the 3)_____________

Answer 32

1- deoxygenated blood
2- right atrium
3- tricuspid atrioventricular valve

Question 33

The tricuspid valve has 1)________ or flaps to which are attached 2)_________, fibrous connective tissue strands that attach to 3)___________ on the wall of the ventricle

Answer 33

1- 3 cusps
2- chordae tendinae
3- papillary muscles

Question 34

The right ventricle opens into the 1)_________ through the pulmonic valve

Answer 34

1- pulmonary trunk

Question 35

The pulmonic and aortic valves are also called _________ valves

Answer 35

“semilunar”

Question 36

The pulmonic and aortic valves each have ________ that open to allow blood to be ejected from the ventricles, but close to prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles

Answer 36

3 bowl shaped cusps

Question 37

The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the 1)____________. It opens into the left ventricle through the 2)_____________

Answer 37

1- pulmonary veins

2- bicuspid (mitral) atrioventricular valve

Question 38

The bicuspid valve has 1)______ or flaps to which are attached 2)________, fibrous connective tissue strands that attach to 3)________ on the wall of the ventricle

Answer 38

1- 2 cusps
2- chordae tendinae
3- papillary muscles

Question 39

The left ventricle opens into the aorta through the

Answer 39

aortic valve