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Health Sciences OSTC > urinary system > Flashcards

urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

whats another name for the urinary system?

A

excretory system

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2
Q

whats the function of the urinary system?

A

excretion, maintain homeostasis, RBC production

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3
Q

what’s excretion?

A

removal of metabolic waste from the body and excess water

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4
Q

whats urea?

A

metabolic waste from the breakdown of amino acids in the liver that causes a release of ammonia

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5
Q

whats uric acid?

A

metabolic waste that can form crystals in the joints producing grout

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6
Q

whats creatinine?

A

muscle waste product

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7
Q

whats NacI?

A

it causes osmosis, leads to greater blood volume

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8
Q

ADH?

A

reduces urine volume, reabsorb more water into blood, urine decreses

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9
Q

aldosterone?

A

increases sodium re absorption, water excreted decreases

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10
Q

erythropoietin?

A

something thats secreted by the kisney and stimulates the productions of rbc’s

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11
Q

what do the kidneys look like?

A

red/ brown color and shaped like a bean

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12
Q

where are the kidneys located?

A

on either side of the vertebral column just above the waist

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13
Q

what are the two main sections of the kidneys?

A

cortex and medulla

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14
Q

whats the cortex?

A

the outer section of the kidney that contains most of the nephrons

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15
Q

whats the medulla?

A

the inner section of the kidney that contains most of the collecting tubes

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16
Q

hilum?

A

areea through witch the ureter, nerves, blood and lymph vessels enter and leave the kidney

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17
Q

whats the nephron?

A

the functional part of the kidney

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18
Q

where is the nephron located?

A

cortex

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19
Q

whats the glomerulus?

A

cluster of capillaries

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20
Q

whats the bowman’s capsule

A

c- shaped structer surrounding the glomerulus

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21
Q

whats located in the nephron?

A

glomerulus, bowman’s capsule, convoluted tube and the collecting ducts/tube

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22
Q

what are the ureters?

A

tubes that extend from the kidney to bladder

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23
Q

ureters function?

A

propels urine to the bladder and is the mucous lining

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24
Q

whats the urinary bladder?

A

hollow muscular organ that stores urine

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25
Q

how many ml of urine can the bladder hold?

A

600ml

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26
Q

how many ml of urine dose it take before you feel the need to pee?

A

250ml

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27
Q

what’s rugae?

A

allows expansion of the urinary bladder

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28
Q

whats the urethra?

A

the tube that extends from the bladder to the outside

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29
Q

whats the function of the urethra in woman?

A

just carries the urine and allows internal and external sphincters to open

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30
Q

whats the function of the urethra in men?

A

carries the urine, its the pathway for sperm and allows internal and external sphincters to open

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31
Q

whats the difference in the urethra between woman and men?

A

the men’s is longer

32
Q

whats the urinary meatus?

A

the external opening

33
Q

what the urethra controlled by?

A

the nervous system

34
Q

conditions affecting urination?

A

polyuria, oliguria, anuria, hematuria, pyuria, nocturia, dysuria, retention, incontinence, proteinuria, albuminuria

35
Q

what does the condition polyuria affect urination

A

above normal urine output, more than 2000mil a day

36
Q

what does the condition oliguria affect urination

A

amount of urine below normal, usually less than 500mil a day

37
Q

what does the condition anurina affect urination

A

no urine output

38
Q

what does the condition hematuria affect urination

A

blood in the urine

39
Q

what does the condition pyuria affect urination

A

pus in the urine

40
Q

what does the condition nocturia affect urination

A

urination at night

41
Q

what does the condition dysuria affect urination

A

painful urination

42
Q

what does the condition retention affect urination

A

inability to empty the bladder

43
Q

what does the condition incontinence affect urination

A

lack of voluntary control over urination

44
Q

what does the condition proteinuria affect urination

A

protein in the urine

45
Q

what does the condition glycosuria affect urination

A

sugar in the urine

46
Q

what does the condition albuminuria affect urination

A

albumin in urine

47
Q

whats cystitis?

A

bladder infection where the bladder is inflamed

48
Q

how dose cystitis occur?

A

when pathogens enter the urinary meatus

49
Q

why is cystitis more common in females?

A

because they have a shorter urethra

50
Q

is cystitis more common in makes or females?

A

females

51
Q

what are the symptoms of cystitis?

A

frequent burning, painful urination, hematuria and pyuria, lower back pain, spasm, fever.

52
Q

whats the treatment of cystitis?

A

antibiotics and increase fluid intake

53
Q

whats a renal calculus?

A

its a kidney stone often lodged in the renal pelvis or ureter

54
Q

whats the symptoms of renal calculus?

A

severe pain, hematuria, nausea and vomiting

55
Q

whats the treatment of renal calculus?

A

increase fluids, pain medication, lithotripsy and surgery

56
Q

whats acute renal failure?

A

when the kidneys suddenly stop working.

57
Q

what is the cause of acute renal failure?

A

by hemorrhage, shock, injury and poisoning

58
Q

what are symptoms of acute renal failure?

A

oliguria, anuria, headaches, edema, arrhythmia and uremia

59
Q

whats the treatment of acute renal failure?

A

restrict fluid intake, correct underlying condition and dialysis

60
Q

whats dialysis?

A

removes waste products from blood- acts as kidney

61
Q

whats the prognosis of acute renal failure?

A

good

62
Q

whats chronic renal failure?

A

progressive loss of kidney function where waste products accumulate in the blood

63
Q

whats the symptoms of chronic renal failure?

A

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, uremic frost and decreased mental ability

64
Q

whats the treatment of chronic renal failure?

A

kidney transplant

65
Q

whats perirenal fat?

A

protection holding the kidney in place

66
Q

whats the bladder?

A

receives urine from ureters and stores it

67
Q

what are the organs that make up the urinary system?

A

2 kidneys, 1 bladder and 1 urethra

68
Q

which stucture is uniquely male?

A

prostate gland

69
Q

where is the prostate gland located?

A

just under the bladder

70
Q

as a whole system itself what are the three jobs of the urinary system?

A

removal of waste, regulation of electrolyte balance and regulation of acid base homeostasis

71
Q

renal tubules?

A

reabsorption of needed substances and excretion of waste products

72
Q

what happens in the glomerulus and bowman’s capsule?

A

filtration of blood occurs here

73
Q

what is the rhythmic wave- like motion of the involuntary muscle of the ureter called?

A

peristalsis

74
Q

what dose peristalsis do?

A

move urine from kidney to the bladder

75
Q

what is rugae?

A

folds in the bladder allowing expansion of the bladder

Health Sciences OSTC (15 decks)

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