urinary system Flashcards
whats another name for the urinary system?
excretory system
whats the function of the urinary system?
excretion, maintain homeostasis, RBC production
what’s excretion?
removal of metabolic waste from the body and excess water
whats urea?
metabolic waste from the breakdown of amino acids in the liver that causes a release of ammonia
whats uric acid?
metabolic waste that can form crystals in the joints producing grout
whats creatinine?
muscle waste product
whats NacI?
it causes osmosis, leads to greater blood volume
ADH?
reduces urine volume, reabsorb more water into blood, urine decreses
aldosterone?
increases sodium re absorption, water excreted decreases
erythropoietin?
something thats secreted by the kisney and stimulates the productions of rbc’s
what do the kidneys look like?
red/ brown color and shaped like a bean
where are the kidneys located?
on either side of the vertebral column just above the waist
what are the two main sections of the kidneys?
cortex and medulla
whats the cortex?
the outer section of the kidney that contains most of the nephrons
whats the medulla?
the inner section of the kidney that contains most of the collecting tubes
hilum?
areea through witch the ureter, nerves, blood and lymph vessels enter and leave the kidney
whats the nephron?
the functional part of the kidney
where is the nephron located?
cortex
whats the glomerulus?
cluster of capillaries
whats the bowman’s capsule
c- shaped structer surrounding the glomerulus
whats located in the nephron?
glomerulus, bowman’s capsule, convoluted tube and the collecting ducts/tube
what are the ureters?
tubes that extend from the kidney to bladder
ureters function?
propels urine to the bladder and is the mucous lining
whats the urinary bladder?
hollow muscular organ that stores urine
how many ml of urine can the bladder hold?
600ml
how many ml of urine dose it take before you feel the need to pee?
250ml
what’s rugae?
allows expansion of the urinary bladder
whats the urethra?
the tube that extends from the bladder to the outside
whats the function of the urethra in woman?
just carries the urine and allows internal and external sphincters to open
whats the function of the urethra in men?
carries the urine, its the pathway for sperm and allows internal and external sphincters to open
whats the difference in the urethra between woman and men?
the men’s is longer
whats the urinary meatus?
the external opening
what the urethra controlled by?
the nervous system
conditions affecting urination?
polyuria, oliguria, anuria, hematuria, pyuria, nocturia, dysuria, retention, incontinence, proteinuria, albuminuria
what does the condition polyuria affect urination
above normal urine output, more than 2000mil a day
what does the condition oliguria affect urination
amount of urine below normal, usually less than 500mil a day
what does the condition anurina affect urination
no urine output
what does the condition hematuria affect urination
blood in the urine
what does the condition pyuria affect urination
pus in the urine
what does the condition nocturia affect urination
urination at night
what does the condition dysuria affect urination
painful urination
what does the condition retention affect urination
inability to empty the bladder
what does the condition incontinence affect urination
lack of voluntary control over urination
what does the condition proteinuria affect urination
protein in the urine
what does the condition glycosuria affect urination
sugar in the urine
what does the condition albuminuria affect urination
albumin in urine
whats cystitis?
bladder infection where the bladder is inflamed
how dose cystitis occur?
when pathogens enter the urinary meatus
why is cystitis more common in females?
because they have a shorter urethra
is cystitis more common in makes or females?
females
what are the symptoms of cystitis?
frequent burning, painful urination, hematuria and pyuria, lower back pain, spasm, fever.
whats the treatment of cystitis?
antibiotics and increase fluid intake
whats a renal calculus?
its a kidney stone often lodged in the renal pelvis or ureter
whats the symptoms of renal calculus?
severe pain, hematuria, nausea and vomiting
whats the treatment of renal calculus?
increase fluids, pain medication, lithotripsy and surgery
whats acute renal failure?
when the kidneys suddenly stop working.
what is the cause of acute renal failure?
by hemorrhage, shock, injury and poisoning
what are symptoms of acute renal failure?
oliguria, anuria, headaches, edema, arrhythmia and uremia
whats the treatment of acute renal failure?
restrict fluid intake, correct underlying condition and dialysis
whats dialysis?
removes waste products from blood- acts as kidney
whats the prognosis of acute renal failure?
good
whats chronic renal failure?
progressive loss of kidney function where waste products accumulate in the blood
whats the symptoms of chronic renal failure?
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, uremic frost and decreased mental ability
whats the treatment of chronic renal failure?
kidney transplant
whats perirenal fat?
protection holding the kidney in place
whats the bladder?
receives urine from ureters and stores it
what are the organs that make up the urinary system?
2 kidneys, 1 bladder and 1 urethra
which stucture is uniquely male?
prostate gland
where is the prostate gland located?
just under the bladder
as a whole system itself what are the three jobs of the urinary system?
removal of waste, regulation of electrolyte balance and regulation of acid base homeostasis
renal tubules?
reabsorption of needed substances and excretion of waste products
what happens in the glomerulus and bowman’s capsule?
filtration of blood occurs here
what is the rhythmic wave- like motion of the involuntary muscle of the ureter called?
peristalsis
what dose peristalsis do?
move urine from kidney to the bladder
what is rugae?
folds in the bladder allowing expansion of the bladder
