respiratory system Flashcards
how much do lungs weight?
1 lb each
how much air does the lungs hold?
3 quarts
how many lobes does the right lung have?
3 lobes (upper, middle, lower)
how many lobes does the left lung have? why?
2 lobes bc they make room for the heart
trachea? (hows it shaped) (what dose it do)
On the dorsal surface that carries air from larynx to bronchi
cilia? (what is it) (what dose it do)
tiny hair like projections that filter and sweep mucus along towards esophagus where they can be swallowed.
mucous?
thick stick substance that filters/traps pathogens and dirt in.
sinuses location?
in skull surrounding nasal cavity
what are sinuses and what do they do?
its warm and moistened air, they give resonance to voice
whats the nose made out of?
cartilage.
whats the pharynx?
the throat, passageway for both food and air
whats the epiglottis
flap of cartilage that covers larynx like a trap door.
what does the epiglottis do?
prevents food from entering trachea
what’s the larynx? what’s it made of?
- voice box
- made of primarily cartilage
what are 3 sections of pharynx?
nasopharynx, pharyngeal and oropharynx
nasopharynx?
upper portion of pharynx behind nasal cavitys
pharyngeal?
tonsils
oropharynx?
middle section behind oral cavity
how’s speech produced?
through the larynx, produced when air leaves the lungs the vocal cords vibrate producing sound.
whats inspiration and the process?
- process of breathing air in.
- the diaphragm and intercostal muscle contract causing the thoracic cavity to be vacuum like. air rushes through airways to alveoli where exchange of gasses take place.
expiration? process?
- diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
- air is forced out, then an increment of carbon dioxide in blood occurs causing center to increase.
external respiration?
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide threw lungs and blood stream
internal respiration?
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between tissue cells and blood stream
cellular respiration?
when cells use oxygen nutrients to produce energy, water and carbon dioxide
3 things that happen to air when it enters nasal cavity?
air is warmed, filtered and moistened
what color are healthy normal lungs?
pink
what are the primary organs?
left lung and right lung
what’s the diaphragm? what does it do?
-dome shaped fibrous tissue that separates the thoracic cavity from abdomen
thoracic volume?
pressure of increasing and decreasing muscles
what causes snoring?
narrowing of upper airway during sleep
asthma?
cause of asthma?
allergy, infection and anxiety
symptoms of asthma?
tightness in chest, difficulty breathing, wheezing and coughing
treatment of asthma?
anti-inflammatory drugs, oxygen therapy
bronchitis?
mucus membrane in the lungs’ bronchial passages becomes inflamed.
types of bronchitis?
acute and chronic
acute bronchitis cause? symptoms?
- caused by viruses or bacteria
- coughing and narrowing of bronchi bc of contraction
chronic bronchitis cause? symptoms?
- caused by frequent attacks of acute bronchitis and pollution
- mucus, coughing, wheezing, chest pain and dyspnea
COPD cause?
chronic asthma , emphysema, tb, and chronic bronchitis
what’s emphysema?
it’s a non infectious chronic respiratory condition that occurs when walls of alveoli deteriorate and lose elasticity
how’s emphysema caused and what are symptoms?
- caused by heavy smoking and exposure to air- pollution
- symptoms are dyspnea, suffocation , chronic coughing and cyanosis
whats epistaxis? treatment for it?
is a nose bleed that occurs when capillaries in nose become congested and bleed.
-treatment is ice, pressure and leaning forward.
whats influenza? symptoms?
a contagious vial infection of upper respiratory system
- fever, chills, muscles, acne, cough and fatigle
laryngitis? treatment?
- inflammation of vocal cords
- treatment is rest, fluids, limited voice use
lung cancer
leading cause of cancer deaths in men and woman
whats pleurisy? symptoms? treatment?
- inflammation of pleura or membranes of lungs occurs in the conjuction with pneumonia
- symptoms are sharp stabbing pains while breathing
- treatment is, rest, meds to relive pain and inflammation
pneumonia? cause? symptoms?
- inflammation of the lungs
- caused by bacteria and chemicals
- symptoms are chills, fever, chest pain
rhinitis?
its a runny nose, inflammation of nasal mucous membrane
what’s sinusitis? cause? symptoms?
- inflammation of mucous membrane lining
- caused by bacteria/ viruses
- symptoms are headache, pressure, thick nasal discharge and loss of voice
sleep apnea
pauses of breaths when you sleep
TB (active)
fever, weight loss, sweats, chest pain, POSITIVE TB TEST
TB (dormat)
no symptoms but is postive through the test
URI
contagious common cold
pleura
membrane or sac in-closed in each lung that allows lungs to expand during breathing
two types of pleura and location?
visceral (attached to lungs)
parietal (attached to chest wall)
pleural space
space filled with pleural fluid that prevents friction as lungs expand
Pleura? Location and function
Lungs, sack of fluid allows lungs to expand during breathing
Surfactant location? Function?
- inner surfaces of alveoli
- reduces surface tension of liquid.
Alveoli location? Function?
- lungs
- gets rid of carbon dioxide we don’t need
Esophagus location? Function?
- throat
- pathway for food
Hilus location? Function?
- located in the center of the kidney
- blood vessels that enter leave the kidney
Bronches location? Function?
- it’s in the windpipe in the lungs
- Shuttle air to and from lungs
Bronchiole location? Function?
- it’s in the many bronchus near tissue.
- oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
Thyroid cartilage location? Function?
- located in the neck
- regulates growth and development
