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Health Sciences OSTC > respiratory system > Flashcards

respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

how much do lungs weight?

A

1 lb each

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2
Q

how much air does the lungs hold?

A

3 quarts

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3
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3 lobes (upper, middle, lower)

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4
Q

how many lobes does the left lung have? why?

A

2 lobes bc they make room for the heart

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5
Q

trachea? (hows it shaped) (what dose it do)

A

On the dorsal surface that carries air from larynx to bronchi

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6
Q

cilia? (what is it) (what dose it do)

A

tiny hair like projections that filter and sweep mucus along towards esophagus where they can be swallowed.

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7
Q

mucous?

A

thick stick substance that filters/traps pathogens and dirt in.

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8
Q

sinuses location?

A

in skull surrounding nasal cavity

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9
Q

what are sinuses and what do they do?

A

its warm and moistened air, they give resonance to voice

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10
Q

whats the nose made out of?

A

cartilage.

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11
Q

whats the pharynx?

A

the throat, passageway for both food and air

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12
Q

whats the epiglottis

A

flap of cartilage that covers larynx like a trap door.

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13
Q

what does the epiglottis do?

A

prevents food from entering trachea

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14
Q

what’s the larynx? what’s it made of?

A
  • voice box

- made of primarily cartilage

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15
Q

what are 3 sections of pharynx?

A

nasopharynx, pharyngeal and oropharynx

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16
Q

nasopharynx?

A

upper portion of pharynx behind nasal cavitys

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17
Q

pharyngeal?

A

tonsils

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18
Q

oropharynx?

A

middle section behind oral cavity

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19
Q

how’s speech produced?

A

through the larynx, produced when air leaves the lungs the vocal cords vibrate producing sound.

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20
Q

whats inspiration and the process?

A
  • process of breathing air in.
  • the diaphragm and intercostal muscle contract causing the thoracic cavity to be vacuum like. air rushes through airways to alveoli where exchange of gasses take place.
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21
Q

expiration? process?

A
  • diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax

- air is forced out, then an increment of carbon dioxide in blood occurs causing center to increase.

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22
Q

external respiration?

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide threw lungs and blood stream

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23
Q

internal respiration?

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between tissue cells and blood stream

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24
Q

cellular respiration?

A

when cells use oxygen nutrients to produce energy, water and carbon dioxide

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25
Q

3 things that happen to air when it enters nasal cavity?

A

air is warmed, filtered and moistened

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26
Q

what color are healthy normal lungs?

A

pink

27
Q

what are the primary organs?

A

left lung and right lung

28
Q

what’s the diaphragm? what does it do?

A

-dome shaped fibrous tissue that separates the thoracic cavity from abdomen

29
Q

thoracic volume?

A

pressure of increasing and decreasing muscles

30
Q

what causes snoring?

A

narrowing of upper airway during sleep

31
Q

asthma?

A
32
Q

cause of asthma?

A

allergy, infection and anxiety

33
Q

symptoms of asthma?

A

tightness in chest, difficulty breathing, wheezing and coughing

34
Q

treatment of asthma?

A

anti-inflammatory drugs, oxygen therapy

35
Q

bronchitis?

A

mucus membrane in the lungs’ bronchial passages becomes inflamed.

36
Q

types of bronchitis?

A

acute and chronic

37
Q

acute bronchitis cause? symptoms?

A
  • caused by viruses or bacteria

- coughing and narrowing of bronchi bc of contraction

38
Q

chronic bronchitis cause? symptoms?

A
  • caused by frequent attacks of acute bronchitis and pollution
  • mucus, coughing, wheezing, chest pain and dyspnea
39
Q

COPD cause?

A

chronic asthma , emphysema, tb, and chronic bronchitis

40
Q

what’s emphysema?

A

it’s a non infectious chronic respiratory condition that occurs when walls of alveoli deteriorate and lose elasticity

41
Q

how’s emphysema caused and what are symptoms?

A
  • caused by heavy smoking and exposure to air- pollution

- symptoms are dyspnea, suffocation , chronic coughing and cyanosis

42
Q

whats epistaxis? treatment for it?

A

is a nose bleed that occurs when capillaries in nose become congested and bleed.
-treatment is ice, pressure and leaning forward.

43
Q

whats influenza? symptoms?

A

a contagious vial infection of upper respiratory system

- fever, chills, muscles, acne, cough and fatigle

44
Q

laryngitis? treatment?

A
  • inflammation of vocal cords

- treatment is rest, fluids, limited voice use

45
Q

lung cancer

A

leading cause of cancer deaths in men and woman

46
Q

whats pleurisy? symptoms? treatment?

A
  • inflammation of pleura or membranes of lungs occurs in the conjuction with pneumonia
  • symptoms are sharp stabbing pains while breathing
  • treatment is, rest, meds to relive pain and inflammation
47
Q

pneumonia? cause? symptoms?

A
  • inflammation of the lungs
  • caused by bacteria and chemicals
  • symptoms are chills, fever, chest pain
48
Q

rhinitis?

A

its a runny nose, inflammation of nasal mucous membrane

49
Q

what’s sinusitis? cause? symptoms?

A
  • inflammation of mucous membrane lining
  • caused by bacteria/ viruses
  • symptoms are headache, pressure, thick nasal discharge and loss of voice
50
Q

sleep apnea

A

pauses of breaths when you sleep

51
Q

TB (active)

A

fever, weight loss, sweats, chest pain, POSITIVE TB TEST

52
Q

TB (dormat)

A

no symptoms but is postive through the test

53
Q

URI

A

contagious common cold

54
Q

pleura

A

membrane or sac in-closed in each lung that allows lungs to expand during breathing

55
Q

two types of pleura and location?

A

visceral (attached to lungs)

parietal (attached to chest wall)

56
Q

pleural space

A

space filled with pleural fluid that prevents friction as lungs expand

57
Q

Pleura? Location and function

A

Lungs, sack of fluid allows lungs to expand during breathing

58
Q

Surfactant location? Function?

A
  • inner surfaces of alveoli

- reduces surface tension of liquid.

59
Q

Alveoli location? Function?

A
  • lungs

- gets rid of carbon dioxide we don’t need

60
Q

Esophagus location? Function?

A
  • throat

- pathway for food

61
Q

Hilus location? Function?

A
  • located in the center of the kidney

- blood vessels that enter leave the kidney

62
Q

Bronches location? Function?

A
  • it’s in the windpipe in the lungs

- Shuttle air to and from lungs

63
Q

Bronchiole location? Function?

A
  • it’s in the many bronchus near tissue.

- oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

64
Q

Thyroid cartilage location? Function?

A
  • located in the neck

- regulates growth and development

Health Sciences OSTC (15 decks)

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