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Health Sciences OSTC > digestive system > Flashcards

digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

whats the overall purpose of digestion?

A

take food and break it down into simple substances that your body can get it to your blood nutrients then travel to brain, heart and liver

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2
Q

whats the first stage of swallowing?

A

the tongue pushes food into the throat

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3
Q

whats the second stage of swallowing?

A

epiglottis folds over voice box at the entrance of the windpipe

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4
Q

whats the third stage of swallowing?

A

muscles in the esophagus contract

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5
Q

what are enzymes?

A

`chemicals that the body makes to speed up the breakdown of food

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6
Q

3 examples of digestive enzymes?

A

trypsin, lipase, lactase

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7
Q

what food is the enzyme typsin associated with?

A

steak

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8
Q

what food is the enzyme lipase associated with?

A

milk and butter

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9
Q

what food is the enzyme lactase associated with?

A

sugar in milk

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10
Q

whats peristalsis?

A

series of wave like contractions that move food through the digestive tract

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11
Q

whats chyme?

A

a liquid mixture

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12
Q

whats heartburn?

A

a form of indigestion felt as a burning sensation in the chest, caused by acid regurgitation into the esophagus

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13
Q

what is a stomach ulcer?

A

when mucus lining in the stomach used to keep the stomach from digesting itself becomes thin

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14
Q

symptoms of stomach ulcer?

A

burning pain in stomach, bleeding

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15
Q

whats the cause of a stomach ulcer?

A

stress or bacteria

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16
Q

whats the first step of the digestive system removing waste?

A

food gose into the mouth and is chewed

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17
Q

whats the second step of the digestive system removing waste?

A

saliva is added with food, food goes down the esophagus

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18
Q

whats the third step of the digestive system removing waste?

A

food moves into stomach and is mixed with stomach acids

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19
Q

whats the fourth step of the digestive system removing waste?

A

food is pushed into small intestines were the enzymes are added

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20
Q

whats the fifth step of the digestive system removing waste?

A

the food turns into molecules to send to other organs

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21
Q

whats the sixth step of the digestive system removing waste?

A

the bigger molecules moves to the lower bowel then out the rectum

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22
Q

whats the human digestive system?

A

extended tube with specialized parts between openings, the mouth and anus

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23
Q

what do proper nutrients supply your body with?

A

energy, amino acids, vitamins and minerals

24
Q

what is the tongue’s roll in digestion?

A
  • have sensory taste buds that send nerve impulses to brain

- made of muscle that aids to chewing and swallowing

25
Q

whats the teeths role in digestion?

A

break down the food by chewing, grinding and tearing

26
Q

hard plate?

A

bony structure that forms on roof of mouth and separates mouth from the nose

27
Q

what are the salivary glands?

A

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

28
Q

what happens to food after its been chewed?

A

it becomes bolus

29
Q

whats the small intestine?

A

small width, very long tube measures 9 feet in length when contracted

30
Q

what are the first 9-10 inches of the small intestine? what happens??

A

the duodenum, this is where bile from the liver and gallbladder and pancreatic juices enter through ducts

31
Q

what is the 8 feet section of the small intestines?

A

the jejunum

32
Q

whats the last 12 feet of the small intestines called?

A

ileum

33
Q

whats the large intestines?

A

5 feet long, 2 inches in diameter. consists of first section of cecum, the colon, sigmoid colon and rectum

34
Q

what are the 3 sections of the colon?

A

ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon

35
Q

What is the stomach?

A

A thick walled J saved organ that lies on the left side of the body beneath the diaphragm

36
Q

What does the stomachs muscular walls do during digesting

A

Churn food and mix it with gastric juices

37
Q

What does HCl acid do

A

It kills bacteria and helps with iron absorption also it breaks down connective tissue

38
Q

What are the folds in the stomach called

A

Rugae

39
Q

What dose rugae do

A

Allows expansion up to one leader in stomach

40
Q

What is an ulcer

A

And open sore in the stomach cause by primarily bacteria

41
Q

Would food leaves stomach what is it turn into

A

Chyme

42
Q

How long does it take for the stomach to empty

A

2 to 6 hours

43
Q

What’s the rectum

A

I near canaille called anal canal which opens to the anus

44
Q

What’s the job the large intestine

A

Absorb water and any remaining nutrients, store indigestible’s

45
Q

What’s the liver

A

The largest gland in the body that secretes bile, makes blood proteins and detoxifies blood from harmful substances

46
Q

What’s the gallbladder

A

Small sack located under the liver that stores and concentrates bile

47
Q

What’s the Pancrease

A

Glandular Organ located behind the stomach that produces enzymes to digest foods

48
Q

What’s mechanical digestion?

A

The act of physically act of degrading food (chewing, tearing)

49
Q

What’s chemical digestion

A

The act of changing food into the needed basic nutrients through the influence of digestive juices and enzymes

50
Q

What’s hepatitis

A

Viral inflammation of the liver

51
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Chronic destruction of liver cells often from alcohol abuse

52
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of The abdominal Peritoneal cavity

53
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of pouches or sacks in the intestinal lining

54
Q

Hemorrhoid

A

Varicose veins of rectum and anus

55
Q

Hernia

A

Internal organ pushes through the abdominal wall

56
Q

Gastroenteritis ? Cause

A

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines often caused by food poisoning, Toxins, infection

Health Sciences OSTC (15 decks)

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