digestive system Flashcards
whats the overall purpose of digestion?
take food and break it down into simple substances that your body can get it to your blood nutrients then travel to brain, heart and liver
whats the first stage of swallowing?
the tongue pushes food into the throat
whats the second stage of swallowing?
epiglottis folds over voice box at the entrance of the windpipe
whats the third stage of swallowing?
muscles in the esophagus contract
what are enzymes?
`chemicals that the body makes to speed up the breakdown of food
3 examples of digestive enzymes?
trypsin, lipase, lactase
what food is the enzyme typsin associated with?
steak
what food is the enzyme lipase associated with?
milk and butter
what food is the enzyme lactase associated with?
sugar in milk
whats peristalsis?
series of wave like contractions that move food through the digestive tract
whats chyme?
a liquid mixture
whats heartburn?
a form of indigestion felt as a burning sensation in the chest, caused by acid regurgitation into the esophagus
what is a stomach ulcer?
when mucus lining in the stomach used to keep the stomach from digesting itself becomes thin
symptoms of stomach ulcer?
burning pain in stomach, bleeding
whats the cause of a stomach ulcer?
stress or bacteria
whats the first step of the digestive system removing waste?
food gose into the mouth and is chewed
whats the second step of the digestive system removing waste?
saliva is added with food, food goes down the esophagus
whats the third step of the digestive system removing waste?
food moves into stomach and is mixed with stomach acids
whats the fourth step of the digestive system removing waste?
food is pushed into small intestines were the enzymes are added
whats the fifth step of the digestive system removing waste?
the food turns into molecules to send to other organs
whats the sixth step of the digestive system removing waste?
the bigger molecules moves to the lower bowel then out the rectum
whats the human digestive system?
extended tube with specialized parts between openings, the mouth and anus
what do proper nutrients supply your body with?
energy, amino acids, vitamins and minerals
what is the tongue’s roll in digestion?
- have sensory taste buds that send nerve impulses to brain
- made of muscle that aids to chewing and swallowing
whats the teeths role in digestion?
break down the food by chewing, grinding and tearing
hard plate?
bony structure that forms on roof of mouth and separates mouth from the nose
what are the salivary glands?
parotid, submandibular, sublingual
what happens to food after its been chewed?
it becomes bolus
whats the small intestine?
small width, very long tube measures 9 feet in length when contracted
what are the first 9-10 inches of the small intestine? what happens??
the duodenum, this is where bile from the liver and gallbladder and pancreatic juices enter through ducts
what is the 8 feet section of the small intestines?
the jejunum
whats the last 12 feet of the small intestines called?
ileum
whats the large intestines?
5 feet long, 2 inches in diameter. consists of first section of cecum, the colon, sigmoid colon and rectum
what are the 3 sections of the colon?
ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon
What is the stomach?
A thick walled J saved organ that lies on the left side of the body beneath the diaphragm
What does the stomachs muscular walls do during digesting
Churn food and mix it with gastric juices
What does HCl acid do
It kills bacteria and helps with iron absorption also it breaks down connective tissue
What are the folds in the stomach called
Rugae
What dose rugae do
Allows expansion up to one leader in stomach
What is an ulcer
And open sore in the stomach cause by primarily bacteria
Would food leaves stomach what is it turn into
Chyme
How long does it take for the stomach to empty
2 to 6 hours
What’s the rectum
I near canaille called anal canal which opens to the anus
What’s the job the large intestine
Absorb water and any remaining nutrients, store indigestible’s
What’s the liver
The largest gland in the body that secretes bile, makes blood proteins and detoxifies blood from harmful substances
What’s the gallbladder
Small sack located under the liver that stores and concentrates bile
What’s the Pancrease
Glandular Organ located behind the stomach that produces enzymes to digest foods
What’s mechanical digestion?
The act of physically act of degrading food (chewing, tearing)
What’s chemical digestion
The act of changing food into the needed basic nutrients through the influence of digestive juices and enzymes
What’s hepatitis
Viral inflammation of the liver
Cirrhosis
Chronic destruction of liver cells often from alcohol abuse
Peritonitis
Inflammation of The abdominal Peritoneal cavity
Diverticulitis
Inflammation of pouches or sacks in the intestinal lining
Hemorrhoid
Varicose veins of rectum and anus
Hernia
Internal organ pushes through the abdominal wall
Gastroenteritis ? Cause
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines often caused by food poisoning, Toxins, infection
