muscular system Flashcards
how many muscles are in the body?
over 600
whats involuntary muscle? whats muscle type? where dose it form? what dose it do?
- cardiac muscle that functions with out conscious thought
- forms on wall of heart
- contracts to circulate blood
whats voluntary muscle? whats muscle type?where dose it form? what dose it do?
- skeletal muscle that person has control over movement
- forms around all bones of body
- causes body movement
whats smooth/visceral muscle? where is it form? what dose it do?
- muscle fiber
- forms in internal organs/ blood vessels
- produces movement in organs
4 functions of skeletal muscle?
attach to bones, produce heat, posture protection
tendons?
a way that skeletal muscles attach to bone by, strong/tough connective tissue cords.
fascia?
a way that the skeletal muscles attach to the bone through a sheet like membrane that covers and protects tissue
bundles of muscle fiber?
connective/fibrous tissue that wraps around individual muscle
muscle attachment to bones?
tendons- strong connective tissue cords
orign
end of muscle that does not move
insertion
end of muscle that moves with contraction
muscle tone?
when muscles partially contract, that’s maintained through proper nutrition and exercise
muscle atrophy? what causes it?
- the muscles shrink in size and loose strength
- happens b/c muscles aren’t used for a long time.
contracture?
severe tightening of a flexor muscle resulting in bending of joint.
joints affected by contracture?
finger, wrist, knees.
excitability?
ability to respond to a stimulus
extensibility?
ability to be stretched
contractability?
ability to become short and thick.
elasticity?
ability to return to original shape.
adduction?
moving part of body towards midline (moving leg towrds body)
abduction?
moving body part away from midline (moving arm away from side of the body)
rotation?
turning a body part on its own axis by circular motion (turn head side to side)
flexion?
decreasing angle between two bones. (bending lower arm up towards upper arm)
extension?
increasing angle between two bones. (straightening the lower leg away from upper leg)
biceps brachii?
muscle of upper arm that flexes lower arm.
triceps branchii?
muscle of upper arm that extends lower arm.
deltoid?
muscle in shoulder that abducts arm (moving away from midline) (used as injection site)
intercostals?
muscle between ribs that move for breathing
pectoralis major?
muscle on upper chest that adducts upper arm (moving towards midline)
rectus abdominus?
muscles on pubic bone that compress the abdomen
latissimus dorsi?
muscles on spine to chest that extend and adduct upper arm (move towards midline)
sternocleidomastoid?
muscle on side of neck that turns and flexes head
trapezius?
muscle on upper back and neck that extends the head and moves shoulder
Quadriceps femoris
Muscle i’m in front of thigh that extends the leg
Satorious?
Muscle on front of thigh that abducts the thigh and flexes the leg
Tibial is anterior
The muscle on the front of lower leg that flexes and inverts the foot
Gluteus Maximus?
Muscle in the buttocks that extends the thigh
Hamstring/biceps femoris?
Muscle in back of thigh that flexes leg
Gastrocnemius?
Muscle on back of lower leg that flex sole of foot
Atrophy?
Muscle wasting that occurs when muscles are not used
Tetanus
Contaminated wound caused by bacteria
Strain?
Over stretching/injury to tendon or muscle, common in hamstring and the back
Muscular dystrophy
Bad/ unnormal development of muscle, inherited disease that lead to muscle atrophy. – Common in males
Contracture
Shortening of afrxor muscle, resulting from lack of use. ( foot drop, laying in bed for a long period of time)
Muscle spasm? What’s the treatment?
Sudden, painful involuntary contraction
Treatment- stretching
Myasthenia gavis?
Nerve impulses not properly trasmitted that leads to weakness and paralysis
Slow twitch?
Prolonged activity that requires constant energy, aerobics, running, bicycle. - exercise that has more mitochondria
Fast twitch?
Brief, high-energy expenditure, in aerobics, weightlifting, sprints, push-ups.
Oxygen debt?
You breathing rapidly and deeply
