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Medical Terminology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

urination

A

eliminates waste products that accumulate as a result of cellular metabolism

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2
Q

functions of urinary system

A

excretion of waste to maintain volume and chemical composition of blood

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3
Q

functions of kidneys

A
  • maintain appropriate blood volume by varying the excretion of water in the urine
  • maintain chemical composition of blood by selecting certain chemicals to excrete
  • maintain blood pH
  • excrete waste products of protein metabolism
  • regulation of blood pressure
  • stimulation of erythrocyte (RBC) production by secreting erythropoietin
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4
Q

urea

A

final product of protein metabolism and major nitrogenous waste product in urine

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5
Q

urology

A

branch of medicine concerned with male genital tract and urinary tracts of both genders
- urologist = specialist

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6
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin

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7
Q

-ation

A

process

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8
Q

-esis

A

action, process, or result of

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9
Q

glycos/o

A

sugar

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10
Q

olig/o

A

few, scanty

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11
Q

ur/o

A

urine or urinary tract

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12
Q

urin/o

A

urine

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13
Q

-uria

A

urine or urination

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14
Q

components of urinary tract

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

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15
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder (sometimes cyst or sac)

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16
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus (filtering structure for the kidney)

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17
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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18
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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19
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis (reservoir in kidney that collects urine)

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20
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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21
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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22
Q

cystic

A

pertaining to:

  • a cyst
  • gallbladder
  • urinary bladder
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23
Q

nephron

A

functional unit of kidney; each kidney contains 1 million

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24
Q

tubules

A

tubular sections of the nephron; reabsorption of water, electrolytes, and other substances occurs across the tubule walls into the blood capillaries

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25
Q

glomerulus

A

cluster of blood vessels in a nephron surrounded by Bowman’s capsule

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26
Q

three processes of urine formation (functions of the nephron)

A

glomerular filtration: glomerulus allows water, salts, wastes, etc. to pass from blood into Bowman’s capsule

tubular reabsorption: reabsorption of substances that the body conserves, such as sugar and water, from tubules into blood vessels

tubular secretion: secretion of substances from blood stream (waste products of metabolisms and drugs) into renal tubule

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27
Q

urinalysis

A

analysis of urine (typically for sugar, protein, and blood)

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28
Q

glycosuria

A

presence of sugar in urine

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29
Q

proteinuria

A

presence of protein in urine

30
Q

hematuria

A

presence of blood in urine

31
Q

ketonuria

A

presence of ketones in the urine (when fat stores are metabolized for energy)

32
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

endocrine disorder characterized by glycosuria and hyperglycemia (inc glucose in blood) and results from inadequate production of insulin

33
Q

catheter

A

instrument inserted in urethra up to bladder for collecting urine

34
Q

BUN (blood urea nitrogen)

A

measure of amount of urea in blood; directly related to metabolic function of liver and excretory function of kidneys

35
Q

creatinine

A

substance measured in blood and urine as indicator of kidney function

36
Q

renal angiography (renal arteriography`

A

radiographic study to assess arterial blood supply to kidneys

37
Q

renal arteriogram

A

record produced from renal angiography

38
Q

stenosis

A

constricting or narrowing

39
Q

pyuria

A

presence of pus in urine

40
Q

nephrotomography

A

sectional radiographic study of kidneys

41
Q

nephrosonography

A

use of ultrasound to make record (image) of kidneys

42
Q

urolithiasis

A

presence of urinary stones

43
Q

cystolithiasis

A

presence of stones in urinary bladder

44
Q

renal calculi (nephrolith)

A

kidney stone

45
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

glomeruli of kidneys are inflamed

46
Q

intravenous urography

A

radiographic technique for examining the urinary system

47
Q

dysuria

A

difficult or painful urination

48
Q

polyuria

A

excretion of abnormally large quantity of urine

49
Q

diuresis

A

excretion of abnormally large quantity of urine

50
Q

anuria

A

low output of urine (less than 100mL / day)

51
Q

oliguria

A

diminished capacity to form urine (urine production of 500mL or less per day)
- olig/o = few or scanty

52
Q

uremia

A

toxic condition associated with renal insufficiency or failure (urea not properly removed from body)
- emia = blood condition

53
Q

renal insufficiency

A

reduced ability of kidney to perform its function

54
Q

retrograde urography

A

x-ray examination of renal pelvis and ureter after injection of contrast media into renal pelvis

55
Q

urinary incontinence

A

inability to hold urine in bladder

56
Q

urinary retention

A

inability to empty bladder

57
Q

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A

infection in urinary tract

58
Q

voiding cystourethrogram

A

radiographic record of the bladder and urethra; x-rays taken while patient expels urine

59
Q

catheters

A

urethral catheter: most common; catheter into utethra
ureteral catheter: catheter up ureters; can also be inserted through abdominal wall
suprapubi`c catheter: catheter in bladder through small incision or puncture of abdominal wall 1 inch above symphysis pubis

60
Q

percutaneous nephrostomy

A

urinary diversion when tube is inserted into renal pelvis when complete obstruction of ureter is present; opening made through skin

61
Q

hemodialysis

A

kidney dialysis (required when kidneys fail to remove waste products from blood); blood is diffused through membrane to remove toxic materials

62
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

alternative to hemodialysis when dialyzing peritoneum (membrane that covers organs) is used; dialyzing solution is introduced into and removed from peritoneal cavity

63
Q

diuretic

A

increasing urination; agent that causes inc urination

64
Q

immunosuppressive therapy

A

administration of agents that interfere with immune response of kidney transplant recipient

65
Q

transurethral resection (TUR)

A

small pieces of nearby structure (e.g. prostate) are removed through wall of urethra

66
Q

lithotripsy

A

surgical crushing of stones

67
Q

nephroscope

A

inserted through abdominal wall into kidney to remove pieces of kidney stones or view inside of kidney

68
Q

nephrolithotomy

A

incision of kidney (nephrotomy) for removal of kidney stone

69
Q

nephropexy

A

surgical attachment of prolapsed kidney (nephroptosis)

70
Q

nephrostomy (pyelostomy)

A

creation of new opening in renal pelvis of kidney to drain urine from kidney

71
Q

percutaneous bladder and renal biopsy

A

removal of tissue from bladder or kidney by using needle inserted through skin overlying badder or kidney

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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