Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

alimentation

A

process of providing nutrition to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

metabolism

A

process of using nutrients for growth, energy, and elimination of waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 activities of the digestive system

A

ingestion
digestion
absorption
elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

defecation

A

elimination of waste through the anus in the form of feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

-ose

A

sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 major classes of nutrients

A

carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

amylase

A

enzyme that breaks down glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

-ation

A

action or process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

bil/i, chol/e

A

bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cirrh/o

A

orange-yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

de-

A

down, from, removing, or reversing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

glycos/o

A

sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

-orexia

A

appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

vag/o

A

vagus nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

viscer/o

A

viscera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

alimentary tract

A

canal often called the digestive tract; long muscular tube that begins at mouth and needs at anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

gastrointestinal

A

refers to stomach and intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

upper GI (UGI)

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

lower GI (LGI)

A

small and large intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cheil/o

A

lips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

dent/i

A

teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

dent/o

A

teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

odont/o

A

teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

or/o

A

mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

intestin/o

A

intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

enter/o

A

intestines (sometimes only sm intestine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum; first section of small intestine (begins at opening of stomach; smallest section)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum; second section of small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

ile/o

A

ileum; third part of small intestine (joins with cecum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

col/o, colon/o

A

colon or large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

append/o, appendic/o

A

appendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

cec/o

A

cecum; first part of lg intestine; pouch few inches long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

proct/o

A

anus or rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

an/o

A

anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

hypoglossal

A

under the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

sublingual

A

under the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

mandible

A

lower jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

names of permanent teeth

A

incisors (2), cuspids (or canines) (1), bicuspids (2), molars (2 or 3) (last molar called wisdom teeth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

endodontics

A

diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the dental pulp, both root, and surrounding tissues and the practice of root canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

orthodontics

A

diagnosis and treatment of problems of teeth alignment and resulting facial problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

pedodontics

A

devoted to care of children’s teeth and mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

periodontics

A

study and treatment of periodontium, the tissue that supports that teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

lavage

A

irrigation or washing out of an organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

3 divisions of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

4 sections of large intestine

A

cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal

56
Q

vermiform appendix

A

wormlike structure extending form cecum of large intestine (becomes inflamed - appendicitis)

57
Q

ileocecal valve

A

group of muscles located between ileum and cecum

58
Q

4 parts of the colon

A

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid (all part of large intestine)

59
Q

proct/o

A

anus or rectum

60
Q

two substances that help move food though digestive tract

A

mucus (secreted by inner lining of digestive tract) and bile (comes for liver)

61
Q

salivary glands (3)

A

located in oral cavity; produce saliva
paired parotid
sublingual
submandibular

62
Q

frenulum

A

fold of tissue that supports or restricts motion of a mobile organ in the body

63
Q

accessory organs of digestive system

A

liver, gallbladder, pancreas, salivary glands

- liver and pancreas have other body functions too

64
Q

bil/i

A

bile

65
Q

chol/e

A

bile

66
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

67
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

68
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

69
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

70
Q

sial/o

A

salivary gland

71
Q

where does digestion begin?

A

in mouth with starch digestion due to presence of amylase in saliva

72
Q

liver

A

largest internal organ; produces bile which breaks down fats before absorption into small intestine
- bile is continually produced and either stored in gallbladder or sent to small intestine for immediate use

73
Q

cholecystic

A

pertaining to the gallbladder

74
Q

choledochal

A

pertaining to the common bile duct; main duct that conveys bile to the duodenum

75
Q

pancreas

A

two functions: produces pancreatic juice for digestion; produces insulin (hormone that regulates blood sugar levels)

76
Q

insulin

A

hormone that regulated blood sugar levels

77
Q

barium swallow

A

swallow a liquid barium suspension to get x-ray image of digestive area (e.g.for esophagogram); study of UGI

78
Q

barium meal

A

radiographic examination is made as barium passes through esophagus, stomach, and small intestine

79
Q

barium enema

A

rectal infusion of barium for examination of lower GI

80
Q

biliary tract

A

pathway for bile flow from liver to bile duct, and into duodenum

81
Q

biliary calculus

A

gallstone; forms in biliary tract; causes jaundice, rt upper quadrant pain, obstruction, and inflammation of gallbladder

82
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence of stones in gallbladder

83
Q

pancreatolithiasis

A

presence of pancreatic stone

84
Q

snare

A

wire noose that fits through colonoscope and removes polyps

85
Q

diabetes mellitus (DM)

A

result of insulin resistance or lack of insulin secretion by insulin secreting cells of the pancreas

  • type I: genetically determined; absolute insulin deficiency
  • type 2: characterized by insulin resistance rather than insufficient secretion
86
Q

hyperglycemia

A

build up of glucose in blood resulting from lack of insulin; results in following symptoms:

  • polyphaglia (excessive hunger)
  • polyuria (excessive urination)
  • polydipsia (excessive thirst)
  • glycosuria (glucose in urine)
87
Q

gestational diabetes mellitus

A

carbohydrate intolerance recognized during pregnancy, usually caused by deficiency in insulin

88
Q

hypoglycemia

A

pancreas produces too much insulin; thus, blood contains less than normal sugar

89
Q

hyperlipemia / hyperlipidemia

A

increased fat or lipiemesisd (cholesterol) in blood

90
Q

obesity

A

20% above desirable body weight for age, gender, height, and body type

91
Q

emesis

A

vomiting

92
Q

dehydration

A

output of body fluid exceeds fluid intake; can be caused by hyperemesis and diarrhea

93
Q

emaciation

A

excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition

94
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite for food

95
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

associated with psychological stress; disorder charactered by prolonged refusal to eat resulting in emaciation

96
Q

bulimia

A

episodes of binge eating often terminating in self vomitting

97
Q

flatulence

A

excessive gas in GI tract leading to bloating; can come form malabsorption (improper absorption of nutrients into bloodstream from intestines)

98
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

99
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic liver disease characterized by marked degeneration of liver cells (note: cirrh/o means orange-yellow)

100
Q

hepatotoxic

A

destructive to the liver

101
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder or sac

102
Q

cholecyst

A

inflammation of

103
Q

viscera

A

large internal organs closed within a cavity

104
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to organs of abdominal cavity

105
Q

peritoneum

A

membrane surrounding the viscera and lines abdominal cavity

106
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of an organ though an abnormal opening in the muscle wall of the cavity that contains it

107
Q

inguinal canal

A

opening of the abdominal wall for passage of the spermatic cord in males and a ligament of the uterus in females
- can have an inguinal hernia

108
Q

canker sores

A

ulcers in the mouth and lips

109
Q

dysphagia

A

inability to swallow or difficulty swallowing

110
Q

esophageal varices

A

complex of enlarged and swollen views at lower end of esophagus that are susceptible to hemorrhage

111
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

condition resulting form back flow of stomach contents into esophagus

112
Q

-cele

A

hernia (ex. gastrocele - herniation of stomach)

113
Q

hyperacidity

A

excessive amount of acid in stomach; can lead to ulcers

114
Q

ulcer

A

lesion of mucous membrane, accompanied by shedding of dead tissue

115
Q

colitis

A

inflammation of the colon

116
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of the diverticulum (small sac or pouch in wall of organ) in the intestinal tract, causing stagnation of feces and pain

117
Q

diverticulosis

A

presence of diverticula without inflammation; commonly affects older people with no severe symptoms

118
Q

enterostasis

A

enter/o and -stasis

stoppage of delay in passage of food through small intestine

119
Q

-stasis

A

stopping

120
Q

hemorroids

A

masses of veins in the anal canal; often accompanied by pain, itching, and bleeding

121
Q

enteral nutrition

A

introducing nutrients directly into GI tract using an enteral feeding tube

  • nasogastric tube
  • nasoduodenal tube
  • nasojejunal tube

often make a hole in various places of GI tract
(-stomy)

122
Q

anorexiant

A

appetite-suppressing drug

123
Q

gastroplasty / gastric bypass

A

stomach surgery to limit food intake or absorption

124
Q

antidiarrheals

A

drugs to treat diarrhea

125
Q

antiemetics

A

drugs to receive or prevent vomitting

126
Q

emetics

A

cause vomiting

127
Q

laxatives

A

cause evacuation of bowel

128
Q

purgatives / cathartics

A

strong mediation used to promote full evacuation of the bowel (in prep for surgery)

129
Q

treatments for gallstones

A

laser lithotripsy, oral drugs to dissolve stones, shock wave lithotripsy (no surgical incision required with any)

130
Q

if non-surgical treatments for gallstones do not work, this is performed

A

cholecystectomy

- laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallbladder is excised with laser and removed through small incision in abdominal wall)

131
Q

cholecystectomy

A

surgical removal of gallbladder

132
Q

colostomy

A

creation of artificial anus on abdominal wall

133
Q

anastomosis

A

joining of two organs or vessels that are normally separate

134
Q

stoma

A

opening in the abdomen for draining fecal material during an ileostomy

135
Q

laparoscopy

A

examination of abdominal cavity with a laparoscope though one or more small incisions in abdominal wall

136
Q

vagotomy

A

resection (partial excision) of portions of the vagus nerve near the stomach; performed to decrease amount of gastric juices by severing the vagus nerve

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions