Chapter 8_Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
respiration
A
combined activity of various processes that supply oxygen to all body cels and remove CO2
2
Q
Pulmonary ventilation
A
breathing
3
Q
inspiration
A
breathing air into lungs (inhalation)
4
Q
expiration
A
expiring air our of lungs (exhalation)
5
Q
pulmonologist
A
physician who specializes in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the lungs
6
Q
Structures of respiratory tract
A
nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
7
Q
Structures of upper respiratory tract
A
nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx
8
Q
Structures of lower respiratory tract
A
trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs
9
Q
palate
A
separates nasal and oral cavity
10
Q
epiglottis
A
covers larynx during swallowing (not part of rest tract)
11
Q
diaphram
A
muscular wall separating the abdomen from the thoracic cavity - controls and relaxes inspirations and expirations
12
Q
phren/o
A
diaphragm (also mind - schizophrenic)
13
Q
lobes of lung
A
right (3), left (2)
14
Q
pleura
A
membrane surrounding lung and check cavity (pleural cavity - space between)
15
Q
paranasal sinuses
A
air-filled paired cavities in various bones around nose (frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, sphenoid)
16
Q
alveol/o
A
alveolus (alveoli)
17
Q
bronch/o, bronchi/o
A
bronchus (bronchi)
18
Q
epiglott/o
A
epiglottis
19
Q
laryng/o
A
larynx (voice box)
20
Q
lob/o
A
lobe
21
Q
nas/o, rhin/o
A
nose
22
Q
phrenic
A
pertaining to the diaphragm (also pertaining to the mind - schizophrenic)
23
Q
pleur/o
A
pleura
24
Q
pharyng/o
A
pharynx (throat)
25
pneum/o, pneumon/o, pulm/o, pulmon/o
lung
26
trache/o
trachea (windpipe)
27
oximetry
photo diagnostic method of monitoring blood oxygen saturation in arteries (non-invasive - finger or ear)
instrument = oximeter
28
oxygen saturation
percent og hemoglobin molecules that are saturated with oxygen
29
-pnea
breathing (apnea, dyspnea, etc.)
30
eupnea
normal respiration (15-20 breathes per minute)
31
dyspnea
labored or difficult breathing (complains of SOB)
32
apnea
temporary absence of breathing (sleep apnea)
33
orthopnea
condition where breathing is uncomfortable in any position except sitting erect or standing
34
bradypnea
abnormally slow breathing (less then 12 breathes per minute)
35
tachypnea
fast breathing (more than 20 breathes per minute) - caused by exercise or disease
36
hyperpnea
increased respiratory rate or breathing that is deeper than normal
37
hyperventilation
increased aeration in the lungs; reduced CO2 in body and disrupts homeostasis (hyperpnea can lead to this)
38
atel/o
imperfect
39
coni/o
a relationship to dust
40
embol/o
embolus (detached traveling intravascular mass)
41
home/o
sameness
42
-ole
little
43
ox/o
oxygen
44
silic/o
Silica
45
spir/o
to breath (sometimes spiral)
46
spirometry
measurement of the amount of air taken into and expelled by the lungs
47
vital capacity (VC)
largest volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum inspiration
48
acute respiratory failure
inability of the lungs to perform their ventilatory function
49
hypoxia
deficiency in O2 (can result from reduces O2 in air at elevation or from anemia)
50
anoxia
deficiency in O2
51
nares
nostrils
52
nasal septum
separates the nasal cavities
53
sinusitis
inflammation of the sinus
54
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
55
laryngopharynx
lower part of pharynx where it divides into larynx and esophagus
56
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
57
aphonia
absence of voice
58
aphasia
inability to communicate through speech, writing or signs (improper brain functioning)
59
dysphonia
weak voice
60
dysphasia
speech impairment resulting from bran lesion
61
laryngalgia
pain of the larynx
62
glottis
vocal apparatus of the larynx; consists of vocal cords (or folds) and area between them
63
sputum
mucus secreted by mucous membranes
64
dyspnea
difficult breathing
65
orthopneic
difficult breathing except for when sitting erect (note: "a" in pnea is dropped)
66
pneumothorax
air or gas in check cavity (typically caused by injury)
67
hemothorax
blood in pleural cavity (often with pneumothorax)
68
pulmonary embolus
obstruction of pulmonary artery or one of its branches
69
embolism
sudden blocking of an artery by a foreign material brought by the circulating blood
70
thrombus
when an embolus is a blood clot
71
polyp
growth protruding from mucous membrane
72
pharyngeal / laryngeal
pertaining to the pharynx and larynx
73
adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
disorder characterized by respiratory insufficiency and hypoxemia
74
asthma
paroxysmal (occurs in sudden attacks / reoccurance) dyspnea accompanied by wheezing
75
atelectasis
incomplete expansion of the lung or portion of it
76
bronchiectasis
chronic dilation of a bronchus with secondary infection usually involving the lower part of the lung
77
bronchography
radiology of the bronchi following injection of radiopaque substance (bronchogram produced)
78
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
disease that decreases the lung's ability to perform their ventilatory function
79
emphysema
chronic pulmonary disease characterized by an increase in the size of alveoli and destructive changes in their walls (breathing difficult)
80
influenza
acute, contagious respiratory infection (chills, headache, fever, aches)
81
nasal polyp
abnormal protruding growth from nasal mucosa
82
pleuritis
inflammation of the pleura (aka pleurisy)
83
pneumoconiosis
respiratory condition caused by inhalation of dust particles
84
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
infectious respiratory disease spread by close contact and caused by a coronavirus
85
silicosis
form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing silica
86
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
sudden, expected death of an apparently normal and healthy infant
87
tuberculosis (TB)
infections disease caused by bacterium, called mycobacterium tuberculosis; often chronic and usually effects lungs; small round nodules, called tubercles, are produced in lung
88
aphyxiation
suffocation
89
heimlich maneuver
method of dislodging food or obstruction from windpipe
90
ventilator
machine used for prolonged mechanical ventilation of the lungs
91
endotracheal intubation
insertion of an airway tube through the mouth (orotracheal) or nose (nasotrachea) into the trachea
92
decongestants
eliminate of reduce swelling or congestion
93
antitussives
prevent of relieve coughing
94
antihistamine
treats colds and allergies
95
bronchodilators
cause dilation of bronchi (used in asthma)
96
mucolytics
destroy or dissolve mucus
97
methods of giving oxygen
oxygen mask, nasal cannula, transtracheal (tune through trachea - long term o2)
98
percutaneous
type of biopsy where tissue is obtained by puncturing the suspected lesions through the skin
99
pneumocentesis
puncture lung to drain fluid
100
pneumectomy (pneumonectomy)
surgical removal of all or part of lung
101
thoracocentesis
puncture chest cavity to remove fuid
102
rhinoplasty
plastic surgery of the nose
