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Medical Terminology > Chapter 8_Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 8_Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

respiration

A

combined activity of various processes that supply oxygen to all body cels and remove CO2

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2
Q

Pulmonary ventilation

A

breathing

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3
Q

inspiration

A

breathing air into lungs (inhalation)

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4
Q

expiration

A

expiring air our of lungs (exhalation)

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5
Q

pulmonologist

A

physician who specializes in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the lungs

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6
Q

Structures of respiratory tract

A

nasal cavity, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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7
Q

Structures of upper respiratory tract

A

nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx

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8
Q

Structures of lower respiratory tract

A

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs

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9
Q

palate

A

separates nasal and oral cavity

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10
Q

epiglottis

A

covers larynx during swallowing (not part of rest tract)

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11
Q

diaphram

A

muscular wall separating the abdomen from the thoracic cavity - controls and relaxes inspirations and expirations

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12
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm (also mind - schizophrenic)

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13
Q

lobes of lung

A

right (3), left (2)

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14
Q

pleura

A

membrane surrounding lung and check cavity (pleural cavity - space between)

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15
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

air-filled paired cavities in various bones around nose (frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, sphenoid)

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16
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus (alveoli)

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17
Q

bronch/o, bronchi/o

A

bronchus (bronchi)

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18
Q

epiglott/o

A

epiglottis

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19
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx (voice box)

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20
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

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21
Q

nas/o, rhin/o

A

nose

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22
Q

phrenic

A

pertaining to the diaphragm (also pertaining to the mind - schizophrenic)

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23
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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24
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

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25
Q

pneum/o, pneumon/o, pulm/o, pulmon/o

A

lung

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26
Q

trache/o

A

trachea (windpipe)

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27
Q

oximetry

A

photo diagnostic method of monitoring blood oxygen saturation in arteries (non-invasive - finger or ear)
instrument = oximeter

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28
Q

oxygen saturation

A

percent og hemoglobin molecules that are saturated with oxygen

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29
Q

-pnea

A

breathing (apnea, dyspnea, etc.)

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30
Q

eupnea

A

normal respiration (15-20 breathes per minute)

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31
Q

dyspnea

A

labored or difficult breathing (complains of SOB)

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32
Q

apnea

A

temporary absence of breathing (sleep apnea)

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33
Q

orthopnea

A

condition where breathing is uncomfortable in any position except sitting erect or standing

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34
Q

bradypnea

A

abnormally slow breathing (less then 12 breathes per minute)

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35
Q

tachypnea

A

fast breathing (more than 20 breathes per minute) - caused by exercise or disease

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36
Q

hyperpnea

A

increased respiratory rate or breathing that is deeper than normal

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37
Q

hyperventilation

A

increased aeration in the lungs; reduced CO2 in body and disrupts homeostasis (hyperpnea can lead to this)

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38
Q

atel/o

A

imperfect

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39
Q

coni/o

A

a relationship to dust

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40
Q

embol/o

A

embolus (detached traveling intravascular mass)

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41
Q

home/o

42
Q

-ole

43
Q

ox/o

44
Q

silic/o

45
Q

spir/o

A

to breath (sometimes spiral)

46
Q

spirometry

A

measurement of the amount of air taken into and expelled by the lungs

47
Q

vital capacity (VC)

A

largest volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum inspiration

48
Q

acute respiratory failure

A

inability of the lungs to perform their ventilatory function

49
Q

hypoxia

A

deficiency in O2 (can result from reduces O2 in air at elevation or from anemia)

50
Q

anoxia

A

deficiency in O2

51
Q

nares

52
Q

nasal septum

A

separates the nasal cavities

53
Q

sinusitis

A

inflammation of the sinus

54
Q

pharyngitis

A

inflammation of the pharynx

55
Q

laryngopharynx

A

lower part of pharynx where it divides into larynx and esophagus

56
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

57
Q

aphonia

A

absence of voice

58
Q

aphasia

A

inability to communicate through speech, writing or signs (improper brain functioning)

59
Q

dysphonia

A

weak voice

60
Q

dysphasia

A

speech impairment resulting from bran lesion

61
Q

laryngalgia

A

pain of the larynx

62
Q

glottis

A

vocal apparatus of the larynx; consists of vocal cords (or folds) and area between them

63
Q

sputum

A

mucus secreted by mucous membranes

64
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult breathing

65
Q

orthopneic

A

difficult breathing except for when sitting erect (note: “a” in pnea is dropped)

66
Q

pneumothorax

A

air or gas in check cavity (typically caused by injury)

67
Q

hemothorax

A

blood in pleural cavity (often with pneumothorax)

68
Q

pulmonary embolus

A

obstruction of pulmonary artery or one of its branches

69
Q

embolism

A

sudden blocking of an artery by a foreign material brought by the circulating blood

70
Q

thrombus

A

when an embolus is a blood clot

71
Q

polyp

A

growth protruding from mucous membrane

72
Q

pharyngeal / laryngeal

A

pertaining to the pharynx and larynx

73
Q

adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

disorder characterized by respiratory insufficiency and hypoxemia

74
Q

asthma

A

paroxysmal (occurs in sudden attacks / reoccurance) dyspnea accompanied by wheezing

75
Q

atelectasis

A

incomplete expansion of the lung or portion of it

76
Q

bronchiectasis

A

chronic dilation of a bronchus with secondary infection usually involving the lower part of the lung

77
Q

bronchography

A

radiology of the bronchi following injection of radiopaque substance (bronchogram produced)

78
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

disease that decreases the lung’s ability to perform their ventilatory function

79
Q

emphysema

A

chronic pulmonary disease characterized by an increase in the size of alveoli and destructive changes in their walls (breathing difficult)

80
Q

influenza

A

acute, contagious respiratory infection (chills, headache, fever, aches)

81
Q

nasal polyp

A

abnormal protruding growth from nasal mucosa

82
Q

pleuritis

A

inflammation of the pleura (aka pleurisy)

83
Q

pneumoconiosis

A

respiratory condition caused by inhalation of dust particles

84
Q

severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

A

infectious respiratory disease spread by close contact and caused by a coronavirus

85
Q

silicosis

A

form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing silica

86
Q

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A

sudden, expected death of an apparently normal and healthy infant

87
Q

tuberculosis (TB)

A

infections disease caused by bacterium, called mycobacterium tuberculosis; often chronic and usually effects lungs; small round nodules, called tubercles, are produced in lung

88
Q

aphyxiation

A

suffocation

89
Q

heimlich maneuver

A

method of dislodging food or obstruction from windpipe

90
Q

ventilator

A

machine used for prolonged mechanical ventilation of the lungs

91
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

insertion of an airway tube through the mouth (orotracheal) or nose (nasotrachea) into the trachea

92
Q

decongestants

A

eliminate of reduce swelling or congestion

93
Q

antitussives

A

prevent of relieve coughing

94
Q

antihistamine

A

treats colds and allergies

95
Q

bronchodilators

A

cause dilation of bronchi (used in asthma)

96
Q

mucolytics

A

destroy or dissolve mucus

97
Q

methods of giving oxygen

A

oxygen mask, nasal cannula, transtracheal (tune through trachea - long term o2)

98
Q

percutaneous

A

type of biopsy where tissue is obtained by puncturing the suspected lesions through the skin

99
Q

pneumocentesis

A

puncture lung to drain fluid

100
Q

pneumectomy (pneumonectomy)

A

surgical removal of all or part of lung

101
Q

thoracocentesis

A

puncture chest cavity to remove fuid

102
Q

rhinoplasty

A

plastic surgery of the nose

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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