Musculoskeletal System_Chapter 6 Flashcards
hematopoiesis
blood production
-poiesis
production
orthopedics
branch of medicine involved in prevention and correction of deformities or issues with musculoskeletal system
functions of musculoskeletal system
protection, support, movement, formation of blood cells, bone marrow storage of fat, storage and release of minerals
rachi/o
spine
spondyl/o
vertebrae
cervic/o
cervical vertebrae
coccyg/o
coccyx
tars/o
tarsals (in feet)
calcane/o
calcaneus (heal bone)
metatars/o
metatarsals
osteoid
resembling bone
calcification
process by which organic tissue becomes harder by deposits of calcium
sutures
immovable fibrous joints in skull
fontanels
spaces covered by tough membranes between soft spots of skull
Cranial bones of skull
parietal - back, big
occipital - back, lower
temporal - side
frontal - front, big
sphenoid - anterior to occipital, behind eye
ethmoid - anterior to sphenoid, in eye socket
facial bones of skull
maxilla - upper jaw
mandible - lower jaw
rach/i
spine
spin/o
spine
intervertebral discs
layers of cartilage b/t vertebrae
lumbago
dull, aching back
coccyx
four fused coccygeal bones
myel/o
either spinal cord or bone marrow
myelitis
inflammation of either spinal cord or bone marrow
myelofibrosis
replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue
myeloencephalitis
inflammation of brain and spinal cord
3 parts of pelvis (separate bones at birth)
ilium, ischium, pubis
phalanges (phalanx)
bone of fingers and toes
tarsus
ankle
ankyl/o
stiff
arthr/o
articulation, joint
-asthenia
weakness
cellul/o
little cell or compartment
chondr/o
cartilage
meta-
change or next in series
-sarcoma
malignant tumor of connective tissue
ten/o
tendon
tend/o
tendon
tendin/o
tendon
three types of muscle tissue
cardiac (heart), smooth (visceral or involuntary), skeletal (voluntary)
articulation
place between two bones (joint)
synovial joints
joints with cavities b/t articulating bones
bursae (bursa)
sacs of fluid in areas of friction
fibromyalgia
widespread non articular pain of the torso, extremities, and face
myofibrosis
tissue replaced by fibrous tissue
myasthenia gravis
fatigue and muscle weakness resulting from defect in conduction of nerve impulses
myocele
muscle protrudes through fascia covering
sprain
injury to a joint that causes pain and disability
strain
excessive use of a part of the body to the extent of injury
paraplegia
paralysis of lower portion of the body and both legs
quadriplegia
paralysis of arms and legs (aka tetraplegia)
paresis
motor weakness or partial paralysis
paraparesis
partial paralysis of lower limbs
cellulitis
acute, spreading inflammation of subcutaneous tissue
myocellulitis
acute, spreading inflammation of subcutaneous tissue and muscle
sarcoma
cancers that arise from connective tissues, such as bone or muscle
leukemia
chronic or acute disease of blood-forming tissues characterized by unrestricted growth of leukocytes
multiple myeloma
disease characterized by the presence of many tumor masses in the bone and bone marrow
osteomalacia
characterized by a defect in the mineralization of bone (deficiency in vitamin D)
osteitis deformans (Paget disorder)
skeletal disease of older persons characterized by chronic bone inflammation
malacia
abnormal softening
spondylomalacia
softening of the vertebrae
osteoporosis
metabolic disease where reduced bone mass leads to fractures
Dowager’s hump
abnormal curvature of spine often seen with osteoporosis; caused by multiple fractures in thoracic vertebrae
spinal bifida
congenital abnormality; defective closure of bones of spine (can have spinal cord hernia)
kyphosis
hump back (excessive flexion of thoracic vertebrae)
muscular dystrophy
group of inherited diseases characterized by weakness, atrophy (wasting) of muscle without involvement of nervous system
tarsoptosis
flat foot (tars/o = ankle, -ptosis = prolapse)
osteoarthritis
called degenerative joint disease (DJD) - form of jt disease when joints undergo degenerative changes (loss of cartilage)
arthr/o
joint
rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
common connective tissue disease; chronic, systemic disease that results in jt deformities (particularly hands and feet)
rheumatism
general term for conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness, and stiffness in muscles and pain in joints)
ankylosis
abnormal condition where jt is immobile and still
arthralgia
painful joint
arthrodynia
painful joint
lupus erythematosus (LE)
autoimmune disease involving connective tissue - butyl rash on nose bridge
gout
painful metabolic disease; form of acute arthritis (inflamed joints - foot or knee)
hyperuricemia
causes gout; deposits of rates in and around joints
arthroscopy
direct visualization of the interior of a jt using fiberoptic endoscope, called arthroscope
arthrotomy
incision of a joint
arthropathy
disease of joint
antiinflammatories
used to reduce inflammation and pain (e.g. aspirin and ibuprofen)
antiarthritics
various forms of therapy that relieve symptoms of arthritis
arthrocentesis
removal of synovial fluid from joint space
arthroplasty
surgical replacement of joint
myelosuppression
inhibition of production of blood from marrow; caused by cancer treatments
