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Medical Terminology > Chapters 2 - 4 > Flashcards

Chapters 2 - 4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

-er

A

one who (doodler)

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2
Q

-ist

A

one who (gymnist)

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3
Q

-atrician

A

practitioner (pediatrician)

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4
Q

-logist

A

one who studies, specialist (toxicologist)

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5
Q

-ac

A

pertaining to (iliac)

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6
Q

-al

A

pertaining to (spinal)

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7
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to (thoracic)

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8
Q

-ical

A

pertaining to (surgical)

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9
Q

-logic

A

pertaining to the study of (pathologic)

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10
Q

-logical

A

pertaining to the study of (toxicological)

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11
Q

-iatrics

A

medical profession or treatment (pediatrics)

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12
Q

-iatry

A

medical profession or treatment (psychiatry)

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13
Q

-logy

A

study or science of (biology)

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14
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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15
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

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16
Q

dermat/0

A

skin

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17
Q

esthesi/o

A

feeling or sensation

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18
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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19
Q

enter/o

A

intestines (gastroenterologist)

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20
Q

ger/a

A

elderly (geriatrics / geriatrician)

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21
Q

ger/o

A

elderly (geriatrics / geriatrician)

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22
Q

geront/o

A

elderly (geriatrics / geriatrician)

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23
Q

gynec/o

A

female

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24
Q

immun/o

A

immune

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25
Q

ne/o, nat/o

A

new, birth

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26
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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27
Q

obstetr/o

A

midwife (obstetrics, obstetrician)

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28
Q

onc/o

A

tumor

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29
Q

opthamal/o

A

eye

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30
Q

orth/o, ped/o

A

straight, child

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31
Q

ot/o, laryng/o

A

ear, larnyx (otolaryngologist)

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32
Q

path/o

A

disease

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33
Q

ped/o

A

child

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34
Q

psych/o

A

mind

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35
Q

radi/o

A

radiation

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36
Q

rheumat/o

A

rheumatism

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37
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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38
Q

ur/o

A

urinary tract

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39
Q

Rheumatism

A

Variety of disorders marked by inflammation, degeneration, etc. of the connective tissues (esp. In joints)

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40
Q

Endocrine gland

A

Secretes chemical messengers called hormones

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41
Q

Benign

A

Not cancerous (tumor)

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42
Q

Neoplasm

A

Spontaneous new growth of tissue

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43
Q

Triage

A

Method of sorting according to the patients’ need for care

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44
Q

Local anesthetic

A

Affect a local area only

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45
Q

General anesthetic

A

Acts on brain and causes loss of consciousness

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46
Q

Forensic medicine

A

Deals with legal aspects of healthcare

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47
Q

-centesis

A

Surgical puncture to aspirated or remove fluid

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48
Q

-ectomy

A

Surgical removal or cutting out (excision)

Appendectomy

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49
Q

-lysis

A

Process of loosening or destroying (dialysis)

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50
Q

-pexy

A

Surgical fixation

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51
Q

-plasty

A

Surgical repair (plastic surgery)

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52
Q

-rrhaphy

A

Suture

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53
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination with lighted instrument

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54
Q

-stomy

A

formation of an opening (tracheostomy)

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55
Q

-tome

A

instrument used for cutting

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56
Q

-tomy

A

incision - cutting into tissue (tracheotomy)

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57
Q

-tripsy

A

surgical crushing

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58
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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59
Q

angi/i

A

vessel

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60
Q

append/o, appendic/o

A

appendix

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61
Q

bi/o

A

living

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62
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid (blepharotosis)

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63
Q

cerebr/o

A

brain

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64
Q

encephal/o

A

brain (encephalitis)

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65
Q

chir/o

A

hand

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66
Q

col/o

A

colon or large intestine

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67
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

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68
Q

derm/a

A

skin

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69
Q

dermat/o

A

skin

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70
Q

faci/o

A

face

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71
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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72
Q

mamm/o

A

breast

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73
Q

mast/o

A

breast

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74
Q

muscul/o

A

muscle

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75
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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76
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow / spinal cord

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77
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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78
Q

pulm/o, pulmon/o

A

lung

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79
Q

pneum/o, pneumon/o

A

lung

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80
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsil

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81
Q

trache/o

A

trachea (windpipe)

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82
Q

vas/o

A

vessel - ductus deferens

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83
Q

biopsy

A

excision of life (small lump of tissue)

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84
Q

symptom

A

health change as perceived by the patient

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85
Q

diagnosis

A

identification of a condition by scientific evaluation

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86
Q

-algia

A

pain (fibermyalgia)

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87
Q

-dynia

A

pain (otodynia)

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88
Q

-cele

A

hernia (protrusion of all or part of an organ through cavity wall) - encephalocele

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89
Q

-ectasia

A

dilation, enlargement, stretching (neurectasia)

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90
Q

-ectasis

A

dilation, enlargement, stretching (angiectasis)

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91
Q

-edema

A

swelling

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92
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

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93
Q

-emia

A

condition of the blood (anemia. leukemia)

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94
Q

-ia, iasis

A

condition (hysteria, psoriasis)

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95
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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96
Q

-lith

A

stone or calculus (cholelith - gallstone)

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97
Q

-malacia

A

soft, softening (osteomalacia)

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98
Q

-mania

A

excessive preoccupation (kleptomania - excessive stealing)

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99
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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100
Q

-oid

A

resembling (paranoid, mucoid) - adj and nouns

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101
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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102
Q

-osis

A

condition (neurosis)

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103
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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104
Q

-penia

A

deficiency (calcipenia)

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105
Q

-phobia

A

abnormal fear

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106
Q

-ptosis

A

prolapse / sagging (drooping or sagging eyelids)

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107
Q

-rrhage, -rrhagia

A

excessive bleeding or hemorrhage

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108
Q

-rrhea

A

flow or discharge (gonorrhea - urethral or vaginal discharge); diarrhea

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109
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture - cardiorrhexis (ruptured heart)

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110
Q

-spasm

A

twitching / cramp / involuntary, sudden movement

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111
Q

-stasis

A

stopping / controlling (homeostasis)

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112
Q

-able

A

capable of (preventable)

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113
Q

–ible

A

able to (illegible)

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114
Q

-ac, -al, -an, -ar, -ary, -eal, -ic, -ive, -tic

A

pertaining to (cardiac, thermal, medial, alveolar, salivary, peritoneal, lymphatic, invasive, nephrotic) - nephr/o is kidney

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115
Q

-ase

A

enzyme

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116
Q

-eum

A

membrane (peritoneum)

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117
Q

-ium

A

membrane (endocardium)

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118
Q

-ia

A

condition or therapy (anesthesia)

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119
Q

-ism

A

condition or therapy (absenteeism)

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120
Q

-iac

A

one who suffers (hemophiliac - one who suffers from hemophilia); maniac

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121
Q

-opia

A

vision (diplopia - double vision)

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122
Q

-ose

A

sugar (glucose)

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123
Q

-ous

A

pertaining to or characterized by (cancerous)

124
Q

-y

A

state or condition (atrophy - wasting away of tissue, cell, organ, or part)

125
Q

adip/o

A

fat

126
Q

lip/o

A

fat

127
Q

amyl

A

starch (amylase - enzyme that breaks down starch)

128
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

129
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

130
Q

lact/o

A

milk

131
Q

lith,o

A

stone

132
Q

micro-

A

small

133
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

134
Q

prote/o, protein/o

A

protein (proteinurea - excess proteins in the urine)

135
Q

pyr/o

A

fire; pyrogen - substance the produced fever

136
Q

phleb/

A

vein

137
Q

mono-, uni-

A

one

138
Q

bi-, di-

A

two

139
Q

tri-

A

three

140
Q

quad-, quadri-, tetra-

A

four

141
Q

centi-

A

one hundred / one-hundredth

142
Q

milli-

A

one-thousandth

143
Q

diplo-

A

double

144
Q

hemi-

A

half, partly (hemisphere)

145
Q

semi-

A

half, partly (semipermeable)

146
Q

hyper-

A

excessive, more than normal

147
Q

hypo-

A

under, less than normal

148
Q

multi-

A

many

149
Q

poly-

A

many (polysaccharides)

150
Q

nulli-

A

none

151
Q

pan-

A

all (pandemic - occurring throughout)

152
Q

primi-

A

first (ex. primary)

153
Q

super-

A

excessive (supervitaminosis - excessive ingestion of vitamins)

154
Q

ultra-

A

excessive (ultraviolet - light beyond the visible spectrum)

155
Q

ab-

A

away from

156
Q

ad-

A

toward

157
Q

ante-

A

before in time or place (anteroom)

158
Q

pre-

A

before in time or place (preener - area in front of the kidney)

159
Q

circum-

A

around (circumphrance)

160
Q

peri-

A

around (perimeter, pericardium)

161
Q

contra-

A

against / opposed (contralateral - acting in different directions)

162
Q

dia-

A

through (diameter - passed through center of circle; dialysis)

163
Q

ecto-, ex-, exo-, extra-

A

out, without, away from (exoskeleton)

164
Q

en-, end-, endo-

A

inside (endotracheal)

165
Q

epi-

A

above, on (epitaph - inscribed on tombstone above grave)

166
Q

hypo-

A

beneath, under (hypodermic - beneath the skin)

167
Q

infra-

A

beneath, under

168
Q

sub-

A

beneath, under (subcutaneous)

169
Q

inter-

A

between (intersection; interval)

170
Q

intra-

A

within

171
Q

ipsi-

A

same (ipsilateral - affecting same side of body)

172
Q

meso-

A

middle (mesoderm)

173
Q

mid-

A

middle

174
Q

para-

A

near, beside, abnormal (parallel)

175
Q

per-

A

through or by (perspire, permeable)

176
Q

post-

A

after, behind (postnasal - behind nose)

177
Q

retro-

A

behind, backward (retroactive)

178
Q

super-

A

above (superficial)

179
Q

supra-

A

above (suprarenal)

180
Q

sym-

A

joined together (symbiosis - two organisms of different species beneficially live together)

181
Q

syn-

A

joined, together (syndrome - set of symptoms that occur together)

182
Q

trans-

A

across (transdermal drug - can be absorbed through (or across) unbroken skin

183
Q

anti-, contra-

A

against

184
Q

brady-

A

slow (bradycardia)

185
Q

dys-

A

bad, difficult (dysfunction, dyslexia)

186
Q

eu-

A

good, normal (euthanasia - thought by some to be good)

187
Q

mal-

A

bad

188
Q

pro-

A

favoring / suporting

189
Q

tachy-

A

fast (tachycardia - fast heartbeat)

190
Q

ante-

A

before (antepartum - before children)

191
Q

pre-

A

before (premarital)

192
Q

pro-

A

before (proactive - take action before)

193
Q

post-

A

after or behind

194
Q

macro-

A

large or great

195
Q

mega-, megalo-

A

large or great (megalomania - delusions of greatness)

196
Q

micro-

A

small

197
Q

a-, an-

A

no, not, without (a before consonant and an before vowel and h)

198
Q

in-

A

not or inside (inconsistent, inhale)

199
Q

febrile

A

fever

200
Q

alb/o, albin/o

A

white

201
Q

leuk/o

A

white (leukemia - disease characterized by inc in white blood cells)

202
Q

chlor/o

A

green (chlorophyll)

203
Q

cyan/o

A

cyanosis (deficiency in oxygen - bluish color)

204
Q

erythr/o

A

red (erythrocyte - red blood cell)

205
Q

melan/o

A

black (melanoma - malignant skin cancer)

206
Q

xanth/o

A

yellow (note: jaundice is exception)

207
Q

cyt/o (-cyte)

A

cell

208
Q

gen/o (-genic, -genesis)

A

beginning / origin (produced by or in, producing or forming) (ex. carcinogenesis)

209
Q

gram/o (-gram, -graph, -graphy)

A

to record (a record, instrument for recording, process of recording)

210
Q

kinesi/o (-kinesia, -kinesis)

A

movement (movement / motion)

211
Q

leps/o (-lepsy)

A

seizure (epilepsy)

212
Q

lys/o (-lysin, -lysis, -lytic)

A

destruction, dissolving (that which destroys, process of destroying, capable of or producing destruction)
Note: conversion of s to t in lytic

213
Q

malac/o (-malacia)

A

soft, softening, (abnormal softening)

214
Q

megal/o (-megaly)

A

large, enlarged (enlargement)

215
Q

metro/o (-meter, -metry)

A

measure, uterine tissue (instrument used to measure, process of measuring)

216
Q

path/o (-pathy)

A

disease

217
Q

phag/o (-phagia, -phagic, -phagy)

A

eat, ingest (eating, swallowing); phagocyte

218
Q

phas/o (-phasia)

A

speech; aphasia - inability to speak

219
Q

pleg/o (-plegia)

A

paralysis (paraplegic); quadriplegia

220
Q

schis/o, schiz/o, schist/o (-schisis)

A

split, cleft; schizophrenic - psychosis with distortions of reality

221
Q

scerl/o (-sclerosis)

A

hard (hardening); arteriosclerosis

222
Q

scop/o (-scope, -scopy)

A

to examine, to view (instrument used for viewing, process of examining visually) - microscopy

223
Q

troph/o (-trophic, -trophy)

A

nutrition

224
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record of the electrical recordings of the heart (ECG or EKG)

225
Q

cephal/o

A

head

226
Q

aer/o

A

air (aerobed)

227
Q

blast/o

A

embryonic form (osteoblasts - embryonic bone cells)

228
Q

cancer/o, carcin/o

A

cancer

229
Q

cry/o

A

cold (cryotherapy uses cold temps to treat certain conditions)

230
Q

crypt/o

A

hidden (cryptic remark)

231
Q

dips/o

A

thirst (polydipsia - excessive thirst)

232
Q

electr/o

A

electricity

233
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber (fibrous)

234
Q

hist/o

A

tissue (histocompatibility - measure of compatibility of the tissues of a done and recipient)

235
Q

myc/o

A

fungus (mycology - branch of botany that deals with fungus)

236
Q

narc/o

A

stupor (hint: narcotics cause stupor or instability)

237
Q

necr/o

A

dead (necrosis - localized tissue death in response to disease or injury)

238
Q

optic/o, opt/o

A

vision (optical, optometrist)

239
Q

phon/o

A

voice (phone)

240
Q

phot/o

A

light (photography)

241
Q

py/o

A

pus (pyogenic - pus producing)

242
Q

therm/o

A

heat

243
Q

top/o

A

position, place (topography)

244
Q

trache/o

A

trachea (windpipe)

245
Q

calculus

A

abnormal concentration that forms within the body (kidney stone)

246
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

record produced by the electrical impulses of the brain

247
Q

WNL

A

within normal limits

248
Q

diagnosis

A

identification of disease or condition by scientific evaluation

249
Q

prognosis

A

predicted outcome of a disease

250
Q

acute

A

Having a short and relatively severe course

251
Q

chronic

A

disease exists over a long time

252
Q

signs

A

objective or definite evidence of an illness or disordered function that are perceived by an examiner (ex. fever)

253
Q

symptoms

A

subjective evidence as perceived by the patient (ex. pain)

254
Q

specimen

A

small sample or part taken from the body to represent the nature of the whole

255
Q

vital signs

A

measurements of pulse, respiration rate, and temperature (blood pressure)

256
Q

pulse

A

rhythmic expansion of an artery that occurs as the heart beats
- normal pulse rate (count of heart rates per minute): 60-100

257
Q

respiration

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body / breathing
- respiration rate (# of breathes per minute)

258
Q

tympanic thermometer

A

thermometer with a probe placed at external canal of ear (useful for young children and babies)

259
Q

blood pressure

A

pressure exerted by the circulating volume of blood on the walls of the arteries and veins and on the chambers of the heart

  • measured indirectly with a stethoscope and blood pressure cuff
  • millimeters mercury (mm Hg)
  • normal range: 120/80
260
Q

systolic BP

A

maximum pressure on the artery

261
Q

diastolic BP

A

amount of pressure that still exists when the heart is relaxed

262
Q

four techniques for physical examination

A

inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation

263
Q

auscultation

A

to listen for sounds within the body

264
Q

stethoscope and parts

A

instrument used to hear sounds within the body; diaphragm and bell

265
Q

-gram

A

a record (electrocardiogram)

266
Q

-graph

A

instrument for recording (electrocardiograph)

267
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording (electrocardiography)

268
Q

cephalometry

A

measurement of the dimensions of the head

269
Q

-metry

A

process of measuring (cephalometry)

270
Q

-meter

A

instrument used to measure (thermometer)

271
Q

opthalmoscope

A

instrument used to measure the eye

272
Q

endoscope

A

illuminated instrument for visualization of the interior of the body cavity (inside / instrument for viewing)

273
Q

catheter

A

hollow, flexible tube that can be inserted into a cavity of the body to withdraw or instill fluids, perform tests for visualize a vessel or cavity

  • catheterization: introduction of a catheter
  • catheterize: to introduce a catheter
274
Q

cannula

A

hollow flexible tube that is inserted into vessels or cavities

275
Q

invasive procedure

A

require entry into a body cavity (cardiac catheterization) or interruption of normal body function (surgical incision)

276
Q

computed radiography

A

images from radiology are digitized and immediately displayed on a monitor or recorded on film

277
Q

ech/o

A

sound (echocardiogram)

278
Q

son/o

A

sound (sonogram)

279
Q

electr/o

A

electricity

280
Q

fluor/o

A

emitting or reflecting light (fluorescent)

281
Q

radi/o

A

radiant energy (can mean radius - bone of forearm); ex. radiation

282
Q

tom/o

A

to cut

283
Q

ultra-

A

excessive

284
Q

radiography

A

predominant means of diagnostic imaging for many years (x-ray)

285
Q

x-ray / radiograph

A

projects x-rays through the patient which expose the radiographic film or digital image receptor to create the image (note, usually graph mean instrument used for recording)

286
Q

radiopaque

A

substances that do not permit the passage of x-rays (bone and metal) - show up white

287
Q

radiolucent

A

substances that readily permit the passage of x-rays (air and fat) - appear dark

288
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

uses ionizing radiation to produce a detailed image of a cross section of tissue, similar to what one would see if body was cut into sections (painless and non-invasive)

289
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

created images of internal structures based on the magnetic properties of chemical elements within the body and uses powerful magnetic field and radio wave pulses rather than ionizing radiation (used for soft tissue)

290
Q

sonography (echography, ultrasonography, ultrasound)

A

process of imaging deep structures of the body by sending and receiving high frequency sound waves that are reflected back as echoes from tissue interfaces (can be 2-D or 3D)
- record produced called a sonogram or echogram

291
Q

contrast imaging

A

use of radiopaque materials to make internal organs visible on x-ray images

292
Q

nuclear imaging

A

placing radioactive materials into the body organs for the purpose of imaging

293
Q

fluoroscopy

A

visual examination of an internal organ using a fluoroscope; radiography provides a record of the image at a particular point in time

294
Q

pharmaceuticals

A

medicinal drugs

295
Q

positron emission tomography (PET)

A

combined tomography and radioactive substances to produce enhanced images of selected body structures, especially the heart, blood vessels and brain
- radioactive materials are very short lived, very small amount of exposure

296
Q

radiotherapy

A

treatment of tumors using radiation to destroy cancer cells (aka. radiation oncology)

297
Q

therapeutic

A

pertaining to therapy

298
Q

algesi/o

A

pain

299
Q

chem/o

A

chemical

300
Q

pharmac/o, pharmaceuti/i

A

drugs or medicine

301
Q

plast/o

A

repair

302
Q

therapeut/o

A

treatment

303
Q

tox/o

A

poison

304
Q

-therapy

A

treatment

305
Q

analgesic

A

drug that receives pain (note: one i is omitted)

Medical Terminology (9 decks)

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