Urinary System Flashcards
Calyx
A cup like division of the renal pelvis
Calculus
An abnormal concentration usually composed of mineral salts, commonly called a stone
Catherization
Interaction of tube through urethra into the bladder to evacuate urine
Nephrology
Science of structure and function of the kidney
Nephron
The structural and function unit of kidney
Papilla
A small, nipple like protuberance
Renal
Pertaining to kidney
Trigone
A triangular area, especially that area at the base of bladder
Urology
Branch of medicine concerning the urinary tract in both sexes and the genital tract of the male
Functions of the urinary system
Filters blood of toxins, metabolic waste and some water
Manufactures and excretes urine
Assist in regulation of water, electrolyte and acid base balance of body
Influences blood pressure
Organs of the urinary system
- 2 kidneys
- 2 ureters
- urinary bladder
- urethra
Size, shape, and locations of the kidneys
- Measures 2 1/2 inches by 4 1/2 inches
- shaped like Lima beans
- lie on either side of the vertebral column next to posterior abdominal wall, near the level of 12th thoracic cavity
- lie behind the peritoneum
- left kidney usually slightly larger than right kidney
- right is little lower than left because large space of liver
Adipose capsule
Mass of fatty tissue in which each kidney and it’s vessels are embedded; hold kidneys in position
Renal fascia
A sheath of fibrous tissue which surrounds the kidney and the adipose capsule, hold kidney in position
Hilum
Depression on the medial or inner border where the arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and pelvis enter and leave the kidney
Renal pelvis
The funnel-shaped sac at the hilum
External structure of kidneys
- Adipose capsule
- renal fascia
- hilum
- renal pelvis
Cortex
Outer portion that contains secreting portion of kidney
Medulla
Middle portion contains renal pyramids which filter waste substances
Renal pelvis
Inner portion which a small sac or basin-like cavity, having smaller cup-like cavities into which the urine is collected before it sent into the ureters
Microscopic structure of nephron
- Physiological unit of the kidney
- approximently 1 million in each kidney
- resembles a tiny funnel with a long stem
- consists of a renal corpuscle and tubules
Renal corpuscle
Consists of glomerulus, a network of capillaries enclosed within bowmans capsule
Renal tubules
Consists of proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted, and collecting tubule
The distal part of ______ is located in the cortex, and draws off and ______ the liquid portion of the ______, removes liquid waste, and returns the usable portion of _______
- nephron
- filters
- blood
- circulation
The ________ part of the nephron is located in the medulla, and _______ the urine and channels into the ureter
Proximal
Collects
Functions of kidney
- Secretes/excretes urine
- influences BP
- regulate fluid content of blood and urine
- regulate concentration of salts circulating the blood
- extract forgein substances from body such as toxins in/out of body
- regulate osmotic pressure of extra cellular fluid
- regulate electrolyte and acid-base balance
Formation of calculi in the kidney
- may occur in Kidney or any other part of urinary tract
- are usually radiopaque since they contain calcium
- are usually formed by
- excessive amounts of mineral salts
- decreased amount of water
- excessive acid/alkaline urine
