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Health Science 1 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

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0
Q

Calyx

A

A cup like division of the renal pelvis

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1
Q

Calculus

A

An abnormal concentration usually composed of mineral salts, commonly called a stone

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2
Q

Catherization

A

Interaction of tube through urethra into the bladder to evacuate urine

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3
Q

Nephrology

A

Science of structure and function of the kidney

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4
Q

Nephron

A

The structural and function unit of kidney

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5
Q

Papilla

A

A small, nipple like protuberance

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6
Q

Renal

A

Pertaining to kidney

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7
Q

Trigone

A

A triangular area, especially that area at the base of bladder

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8
Q

Urology

A

Branch of medicine concerning the urinary tract in both sexes and the genital tract of the male

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9
Q

Functions of the urinary system

A

Filters blood of toxins, metabolic waste and some water

Manufactures and excretes urine

Assist in regulation of water, electrolyte and acid base balance of body

Influences blood pressure

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10
Q

Organs of the urinary system

A
  • 2 kidneys
  • 2 ureters
  • urinary bladder
  • urethra
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11
Q

Size, shape, and locations of the kidneys

A
  • Measures 2 1/2 inches by 4 1/2 inches
  • shaped like Lima beans
  • lie on either side of the vertebral column next to posterior abdominal wall, near the level of 12th thoracic cavity
  • lie behind the peritoneum
  • left kidney usually slightly larger than right kidney
  • right is little lower than left because large space of liver
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12
Q

Adipose capsule

A

Mass of fatty tissue in which each kidney and it’s vessels are embedded; hold kidneys in position

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13
Q

Renal fascia

A

A sheath of fibrous tissue which surrounds the kidney and the adipose capsule, hold kidney in position

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14
Q

Hilum

A

Depression on the medial or inner border where the arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and pelvis enter and leave the kidney

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15
Q

Renal pelvis

A

The funnel-shaped sac at the hilum

16
Q

External structure of kidneys

A
  • Adipose capsule
  • renal fascia
  • hilum
  • renal pelvis
17
Q

Cortex

A

Outer portion that contains secreting portion of kidney

18
Q

Medulla

A

Middle portion contains renal pyramids which filter waste substances

19
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Inner portion which a small sac or basin-like cavity, having smaller cup-like cavities into which the urine is collected before it sent into the ureters

20
Q

Microscopic structure of nephron

A
  • Physiological unit of the kidney
  • approximently 1 million in each kidney
  • resembles a tiny funnel with a long stem
  • consists of a renal corpuscle and tubules
21
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

Consists of glomerulus, a network of capillaries enclosed within bowmans capsule

22
Q

Renal tubules

A

Consists of proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted, and collecting tubule

23
Q

The distal part of ______ is located in the cortex, and draws off and ______ the liquid portion of the ______, removes liquid waste, and returns the usable portion of _______

A
  • nephron
  • filters
  • blood
  • circulation
24
Q

The ________ part of the nephron is located in the medulla, and _______ the urine and channels into the ureter

A

Proximal

Collects

25
Q

Functions of kidney

A
  • Secretes/excretes urine
  • influences BP
  • regulate fluid content of blood and urine
  • regulate concentration of salts circulating the blood
  • extract forgein substances from body such as toxins in/out of body
  • regulate osmotic pressure of extra cellular fluid
  • regulate electrolyte and acid-base balance
26
Q

Formation of calculi in the kidney

A
  • may occur in Kidney or any other part of urinary tract
  • are usually radiopaque since they contain calcium
  • are usually formed by
    • excessive amounts of mineral salts
    • decreased amount of water
    • excessive acid/alkaline urine

Health Science 1 (9 decks)

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