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Health Science 1 > Circulotry System 1-15 > Flashcards

Circulotry System 1-15 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Cardiac

A

Pertaining to the heart

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1
Q

Blood

A

The fluid that circulates through the heart and the blood vessels

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2
Q

Cardiology

A

The study of the heart

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3
Q

Circulatory System

A

The system to which the nutrient fluid of the body circulate

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4
Q

Coagulation

A

The process of clotting

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5
Q

Embolus

A

A clot or other plug, usually part or all of a thrombus, brought by the blood from another vessel and forced into a smaller one, thus obstructing circulation

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6
Q

Gamma Globulin

A

A protein formed in the blood which is related to the ability to resist infection

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7
Q

Hematology

A

The science concerned with blood and the blood forming tissues

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8
Q

Hemoglobin

A

The iron containing pigment of the red blood cells

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9
Q

Hemolysis

A

The destruction of red blood cells with liberation of hemoglobin into the surrounding fluid

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10
Q

Hemophilia

A

Sex linked heredity blood disease in which blood fails to clot and abnormal bleeding occurs

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11
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Abnormal internal or external bleeding

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12
Q

Homeostasis

A

Date of equilibrium in internal environment

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13
Q

Peripheral

A

Pertaining to the outer part or surface of the body; part away from the center

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14
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vain, especially in the veins of the limbs

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15
Q

Pulmonary

A

Involving the lungs

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16
Q

Systemic

A

Pertaining to the whole body rather to one of its parts

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17
Q

Thrombus

A

A solid mass formed in the living heart or vessel from constituents of the blood; attached to the wall of the vessel

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18
Q

Transfusion

A

Injection of the blood of one person into another blood vessel of another

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19
Q

Varicose Vein

A

Swollen, distended, and knotted veins, usually in the subcutaneous tissue of the leg

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20
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Narrowing the caliber of blood vessels

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21
Q

Vasodilation

A

Widening of blood vessels

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22
Q

Function of the Circulatory System

A

A. Transports various substances to and from the body cells such as 02, CO2, food, water, chemicals, hormones, and wastes
B. Protects body against invading microorganisms
C. Helps regulate body temperature
D. Maintains homeostasis
E. Transports waste products to excretory organ

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23
Q

Organs of the Circulatory System

A 
Heart
Blood vessels 
Red bone marrow
Lymphatic vessels and nodes 
Spleen
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24
Q

Heart

A

Pumps blood into arteries

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25
Q

Blood Vessels

A

Carry blood to and from the heart, and thus carry oxygen and nutritive materials to the body and remove products of metabolism

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26
Q

Red Bone Marrow

A

Forms blood cells and hemoglobin

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27
Q

Lymphatic vessels and nodes

A

Carry lymph and tissue fluid, help to filter the blood, and manufacture lymphocytes

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28
Q

Spleen

A

Form lymphocytes and monocytes, stores blood cells, and filters out bacteria and worn out red blood cells

29
Q

Constitutes of blood

A

Blood Plasma and Blood Cells

30
Q

Blood Plasma

A

Liquid part of blood which serves as a source of nutrition and a means of removing waste products from the body cells

31
Q

Blood cells

A

Formed elements part of blood

(1) RBC- transport respiratory gases see C02 and 02
(2) WBC- ingest and digest foreign particles in blood, form antibodies, and release heparin which prevents intravascular clotting
(3) Blood Platelets- initiate blood clotting

32
Q

Red Blood Cells Appearance

A
  1. Red, minute, disc shaped cells with central area deeper then the edges
  2. Very flexible and elastic
  3. 3000 red blood cells side-by-side are equal to 1 inch in length
  4. Mature cells contain no nucleus; therefore, no further growth occurs
33
Q

RBC Function

A
  1. Transport respiratory gases
  2. Hemoglobin is the oxygen carrying red pigment of the RBC
  3. Hemoglobin is composed of iron and protein
34
Q

RBC Formation

A
  1. Formed in red bone marrow in skull, vertebrate, ribs, sternum, and proximal at epiphysis of femur and humerus
  2. Formed continuously, millions every hour
35
Q

RBC destruction

A
  1. Life span is 120 days
  2. Break apart or rupture in the capillaries of the liver and, or the spleen
  3. Liver breaks down the fragments
  4. Can also be destroyed by abnormal stress
    (a) mechanical destruction, as when taking blood from a vein
    (b) Hemolysis- Hypotonic solution cause cell to rupture
    (c) crenation- hypertonic solutions cause cell to shrink and shrivel
  5. Laboratory test
    (1) erythrocyte count: 4 1/2-5 1/2
    (2) hematocrit count: percentage count of total blood volume composed of RBC
    (a) 42-50% in men
    (b) 40-48% in woman
    (3) Hemoglobin: The amount of hemoglobin expressed in grams per 100 ML.of blood
    (a) male: 14-18 gm/100ml
    (b) female: 12-16gm/100ml
    (4) reticulecyte count: give information about the red cell production rate
36
Q

Appearance and Size of WBC

A
  1. Colorless, ameboid-like cells

2. Nuclei very in shape depending on the type of leukocyte

37
Q

Types of WBC

A
  1. Neutrophils: 60–70% of all white blood cells
  2. Lymphocytes: 20–30% of all white blood cells
  3. Monocytes – basophils- eosinophils TRACE AMOUNTS
38
Q

WBC Functions

A
  1. Phagocytosis
  2. Formation of antibodies by lymphocytes
  3. Release of heparin by Basophils
39
Q

WBC Formations

A
  1. Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are formed in the red bone marrow
  2. Lymphocytes are formed in lymph nodes
  3. Monocytes are formed in cells lining the capillaries in various organs, especially the spleen
40
Q

WBC Life Span

A

One- 12 days

41
Q

WBC Laboratory Test

A

Leukocyte count – 5000–10,000/cu. mm.

42
Q

Appearance of Platelets

A

Round or oval disks

43
Q

Function of platelets

A

Initiate clotting mechanism

44
Q

Formation of platelets

A

Red bone marrow

45
Q

Laboratory test of platelets

A

200,000 – 500,000 mm³

46
Q

Life Span of platelets

A

1-4 days

47
Q

Color of blood

A
  1. Unoxygenated blood carried by veins is purple or deep red

2. Oxygenated blood carried by arteries is bright red

48
Q

Taste of blood

A

Slightly metallic and salty

49
Q

Reaction of blood

A

Slightly alkaline, pH 7.35–7.45

50
Q

Specific Gravity of blood

A

1.050–1.065 slightly heavier than water

51
Q

Amount of blood

A

Very is in weight and sex of the individual but the average total is 5000 to 5500 cm³ in average plasma

52
Q

Consistency of blood

A
  1. 45% cells, 55% plasma

2. 78% water, 22% solids

53
Q

Composition of blood plasma

A
  1. Water 90%
  2. Solutes 10%
  3. Electrolytes – mineral salts
  4. Nutrients – glucose, amino acids, fats
  5. Metabolic wastes – urea, uric acid, creatine, lactic acid
  6. Regulatory substances – hormones, enzymes
  7. Respiratory gases – 02, CO2
  8. Protective substances – anti-bodies
54
Q

Rh Factor

A

A. About 85% of all individuals have another red cell protein called Rh factor and are RH positive
B. About 15% of all individuals do not have this protein and are RH negative
C. When RH positive blood is given to them RH negative person, the recipient can produce counteracting proteins called antibodies, which will destroy the erythrocytes of Rh positive blood
D. And RH negative mother may become sensitized by proteins from it Rh positive baby
E. During a later pregnancy, a mother’s antibodies may pass into the blood of the unborn infant and causes erythroblastosis fetails, a destruction of the baby’s erythrocytes. the baby would require a complete blood replacement with Rh negative blood

55
Q

4 blood groups

A
  1. Type O +-
  2. Type A +-
  3. Type B +-
  4. Type AB +-
56
Q

Type O +-

A
  1. 45% incidence
  2. Donates two types a, B, AB, O
  3. Called the universal donor
  4. Receives type O
57
Q

Type A +-

A
  1. 41% incidence
  2. Donates two types A and AB
  3. Receives type A and O
58
Q

Type B +/-

A
  1. 10% incidence
  2. Donates to types B and AB
  3. Receives types B and O
59
Q

Type AB +-

A
  1. 4% incidence
  2. Donates to type AB
  3. Receives Type A, B, AB, and O
  4. Called universal recipient
60
Q

Blood Clotting Mechanism

A
  1. When cells are injured, platelets release thromboplastin
  2. Liver releases prothrombin and fibrinogen
  3. Prothrombin and thromboplastin form thrombin
  4. Thrombin plus fibrinogen form fibrin, a network of fine threads which catch red blood cells
  5. Network becomes a blood clot, called a thrombus
61
Q

Is a ____ chambered, ______, muscular organ, shaped roughly like a mans closed _____

A

4
Hollow
Fist

62
Q

How much does a heart weight

A

250-350 grams

63
Q

Lies in the _________ suspended by the _____ vessels with approximately 2/3s of it’s mass to the ____ of the midline of the body

A

Mediastinum
Great
Left

64
Q

Is placed in the body in an ______ position with the _____ side almost in front of the left

A

Oblique

Right

65
Q

Lower border is called the ____ and lies on the ______ pointing to the left

A

Apex

Diaphragm

66
Q

Upper border is called the _____ and lies on the __ rib

A

Base

2nd

67
Q

Is divided into 4 chambers

A
  1. septum goes from base of apex to divide into R and L halves
  2. Right half contains venous blood, left arterial blood
  3. Halves are divided by valves into upper and lower, resulting in 4 chambers
68
Q

3 distinct layers of the heart

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

69
Q

The covering of the heart

A
  1. is covered by pericardium
  2. Pericardium consist of 2 parts
    (a) parietal pericardium- outer fiberous layer which forms a loose fitting sac In which the heart lies
    (b) visceral pericardium (epicardium) inner serous layer (outer layer of heart itself)
  3. Pericardial space lies between the two layers
  4. Serous fluid fills pericardial space
  5. And excessive amount of fluid in the pericardial space is called pericardial effusion
  6. The pericardium provides a completely enclosed and protective sac in which the heart lies
  7. Inflammation of the pericardium is called pericarditis
70
Q

Layers of the heart

A

Epicardium- serous membrane adherent to the outside

Myocardium- main substance of the heart, specially constructed of cardiac muscle tissue; contracts to decrease the size of the heart and force blood out of its chambers

Endocardium- lines the inner surface of the chambers of the heart, and covers the valves within the heart

Health Science 1 (9 decks)

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