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Health Science 1 > Chapter 16 First Aid > Flashcards

Chapter 16 First Aid Flashcards

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0
Q

Wound

A

is injury of the soft tissue

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1
Q

First Aid

A

intermediate care given to minimize affect on victim

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2
Q

Abrasion

A

a type of wound where the skin is scraped off. bleeding us usually limited

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3
Q

incision

A

a cut or injury caused by a razor sharp object

(knife, scaple, scissors) if the cut is deep, can lead to exessive blood loss

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4
Q

laceration

A

tearing of the tissue by excessive force, wound is jagged and irregular shape. if wound is deep, can cause contamination and infection.

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5
Q

puncture

A

caused by a pin or nail or GWS are punctures. can be dangerous because it is deep and you’re not able to see whats hidden under. internal bleeding is also a thing to consider, external bleeding is usually limited

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6
Q

avulsion

A

tissue torn from victims body (ear, nose, hand or other body parts)
perserve flesh, a surgeon might be able to reattatch it. bleeding can be extensive

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7
Q

amputation

A

when a body part of cut off. bleeding can be extensive. perserve amputated body part.

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8
Q

arterial blood usually _______ out the wound. what color is it?

A

spurts

a bright red

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9
Q

venous blood is _______.

and it is what color

A

slower

dark red or maroon.

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10
Q

capillary blood _____ out. less _____. and _______ easily

A

ozzes
red
clots

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11
Q

try to evade blood to blood contact, use________

A

protective gear

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12
Q

describe direct pressure

A

cover wound with clean or sterile cloths and apply pressure for 5-10 minutes. will stop most bleeding

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13
Q

describe elevation

A

raise injured body part above victims heart and let gravity stop blood flow to wound and keep applying direct pressure

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14
Q

describe pressure points when stopping bleeding

A

apply pressure to the main artery supplying that body part, since it stops circulation, don’t keep on for long. its dangerous to the body part. keep direct pressure and elevation when ‘pressure points’ is being applied to pressure point

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15
Q

procedure for severe bleeding and wounds

A

check scene, move if nessesary, call ems,provide care.

put on protective gear if possiable, apply pressure to wound with cloth or gauze, if it bleeds through, put another on top of it and keep pressure. elevate body part unless it has a broken bone. to hold dressing in place, apply pressure bandage.

if bleeding continues, apply pressure point.

tell victim to remain calm.

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16
Q

procedure for minor wounds

A

wash hands
clean wound with sterile gauze, soap, and water
rinse thouroughly
apply gauze
look for infection
if a puncture wound ask victim to consult doctor about tetnus

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17
Q

what is shock?

A

(hypoperfusion) signs of inaduqate amount of blood to organs, especailly heart and brain

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18
Q

causes of shock

A 
hemmorage
excessive pain
infection
drugs
gases
psychological trauma
burns
vomiting
diareahh
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19
Q

signs and symptoms of shock

A 
pale or cyanotic
skin cool to touch
diaphoresis (excessive persperation)
rapid weak pulse dif. to feel
rapid,shallow,irregular respirations
low BP
general weakness
anxiety and extreme restlessness
excessive thurst, nausea or vomiting
blurred vision, pupils dilate
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20
Q

Anaphylactic Shock Cause

A

allergic reaction to a substance (food,drugs,incect,snake) bites

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21
Q

Anaphylactic Shock Description

A

body releases histamine and causes vasodilation, BP lowers, hives, and respiratory distress

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22
Q

Cardiogenic Shock Cause

A

damage to heart muscle from heart attack or cardiac arrest

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23
Q

Cardiogenic Shock Description

A

heart cant effectively pump blood to body cells

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24
Q

Hemmorhgiac Shock Cause

A

severe blood loss or blood plasma

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25
Q

Hemmorhagic Shock Description

A

decrease in blood volume causes low BP

decrease blood flow to body cells

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26
Q

Metabolic Shock Cause

A

loss of body fluid from severe diarreah, vomitting, or heat ilness
disruption in acid/base balance as occurs in diabetes

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27
Q

Metabolic Shock Description

A

hehydration and disruption of acid/base balance, BP drops

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28
Q

Neurogenic Shock Cause

A

injury to brain or spinal cord

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29
Q

Neurogenic Shock description

A

nervous system loses ability to control the size of blood vessles, blood vessels dilate and BP drops

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30
Q

Psychogenic Shock Cause

A

emotional distress

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31
Q

Psychogenic Shock Description

A

emotional response causes sudden dilation of blood vessles,

blood pools in areas away from brain, some ppl faint

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32
Q

Respiratory Shock Cause

A

trauma to respiratory tract or respiratory arrest (chronic disease, choking)

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33
Q

Respiratory Shock Description

A

interferes with exchange in oxygen and CO2 between lungs and blood stream. insufficient oxygen supply

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34
Q

Septic Shock Cause

A

Acute Infection (toxic shock syndrome)

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35
Q

Septic Shock Description

A

Poisons or toxins cause vasodilation, BP drops, less oxygen to cells

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36
Q

treatment for shock

A
  1. eliminate cause of shock
  2. improve circulation, especially to brain and heart
  3. provide oxygen supply
  4. maintain body temperature
  5. keep flat on back
  6. rise feet 12 in. to help supply blood to brain and heart
  7. if vomiting and bleeding from mouth, place on victims side, raise victims head if necessary
  8. position victim bases on the injury, if neck injury, lay on back with head slightly raised
  9. avoid over heating
  10. avoid food or drinks
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37
Q

Providing First Aid for Shock

A
  1. scene, check consciousness and breathing, call EMS, provide care, control severe bleeding
  2. call for help
  3. observe for signs of shock
  4. reduce or eliminate cause of shock. control bleeding, provide oxygen, ease pain and position victim comfortably, emotional support.
  5. position victim based on observable injuries. if spine injury- dont move. blood or vomit in mouth- place on side and allow fluids to flow. breathing probs- on back and slightly raise head and shoulders. head injury- lie flat with head lightly raised
  6. to improve circulation, raise feet 12 inches, if there is pain, lower legs. dont raise legs if you have a spine, neck or head injury.
  7. place blankets to prevent chilling, but dont overheat
  8. no food or drinks, if complains about severe thirst, moist cloth on lips and tounge
  9. keep victim calm
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38
Q

posioning

A

any substance that causes a harmful reaction.

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39
Q

ingesting poisoning

A

call posion control center or physician immediately, if you cant most areas have poison control centers on specific antidotes or treatments.

save label or container of substance to show physician or PCC

estimate how much was taken and time ingested

if victim vomits, save sample of vomit

if PCC tells you to induce vomit, tickle back of throat or give warm salt water to drink, or ipecac syrup followed by water only if PCC says its ok

activated charcoal to concious victims so it is not absorbed by body, only if PCC says its ok

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40
Q

ways to induce vomiting

A

tickle back of throat

warm saltwater

or ipecac syrup folled by water

41
Q

inhalation of poison

A

breath fresh air before entering contaminated area to save victim, dont inhale poison.

check victim for breathing

provide artifical breathing if needed

obtain ems, death happens quickly when inhaling poisons

42
Q

contact poison

A

flush with large amounts of water for 15-20 minutes

remove objects containing poison

call PCC or physcian for info

obtain ems asap for burns or injuries that contact with poison

43
Q

contact with poisonous plants

A

wash with soap and water

apply calomine lotion if weeping for 2-3 days

if worstens get medical help

44
Q

injection of poison

A

remove embedded stinger by scraping edge of skin with a ridged card such as credit card or tounge depressor

wash area with soap and water

apply sterile dressing and cold water

45
Q

embedded tick steps

A

use tweezers to slowly pull away from skin

wash thoroughly with soap and water

apply antiseptic

watch for signs of infection

obtain for medical help if needed

46
Q

snakebite or spider bite

A

wash wound

immobilize wounded area, lower heart rate to slow poison speed

do not cut wound or apply tourniquet

monitor breathing of victim and give artifical breathing if needed

get medical help ASAP

47
Q

first aid for poisoning (concious)

A

1 same as always
2 check for signs of poisoning
3 if victim is concious, not convlusing, determine poison ingested and how much, call PCC for treatment, if vomit save sample
4 induce vomit if needed (not if unconcious or convulsing, has burned lips, swalloed an acid, alkali, or petroleum product)
5. give activated charcoal if ok, follow PCC directions

48
Q

first aid procedures (unconcious)

A

1 check for breathing if not give CPR or rescue breathing
2 if breathing position on side to drain fluids
3 call PCC for special treatment
4 save poison container if possible

49
Q

first aid procedures poison skin contact

A

1 flush with large amounts of water and remove objects with substance with it, Get help

50
Q

first aid for poisonous plants

A

1 flush with water and wash thoroughly with soap and water
2 if weeping soars, use calomine or caradryl or paste of (baking soda and water) to relive discomfort
3 get help if worstens

51
Q

first aid for inhaling gasses

A

1 take breath of fresh air to rescue victim from area
2 when in safe area give rescue breaths or CPR if needed
3 gets medical help ASAP

52
Q

poison from snakebite or insect

A

1 if appendage affected, lower below heart level
2 insect bite, remove stinger and wash with soap and water, apply sterile dressing and cold pack to reduce swellling
3 tick- remove with tweezers gently, wash with soap and water and apply antiseptic, get medical help

4 snakebite- wash wound, immobilize affected area to reduce heart rate, position lower than heart if possible, monitor breathing and get medical help ASAP

5 watch for signs or symptoms of shock or allergic reaction and get help ASAP. Treat for shock if nessecary

53
Q

superficial burn (first degree)

A

least severe, damage to epidermis, heals in about a week

sunburn, breif contact with hot object, weak exposure to acid or alkali

54
Q

partial thickness ( second degree burn)

A

damage to dermis and epidermis, blister or vesicle form, moltted apperance, or wet apperance, painful burn, about a month recovery. (exessive sun exposure, artificial radiation, hot or boiling liquids, contact with fire)

55
Q

full thickness (third degree burn)

A

injury to all layers of skin plus underlying tissue, extremly painful, life threatening (fluid loss, infection, shock)

(FIRES, long contact with hot objects, electricity, immersion in hot or boiling water)

56
Q

first and second degree burns treatment

A

flush with large amunts of cool water ( do not use ice or ice water) apply sterile gauze and blot dry.

if nonadhesive dressing avaliable use them, wont stick to burn

if nessesary get medical help

57
Q

severe burns treatment

A

1 call medical help!
2 cover with thick, sterile dressing
3 if legs burned, dont let victim walk
4 dont removed objects attached to burn areas
5 give rescue breathing or treatment for shock if nessesary

58
Q

chemical burns treatment

A

1 flush with large amount of water
2 gently remove objects with chemicals
3 continue flushing and get medical help
4 same with eyes , get up all inside the eyes, every corner and erythang

59
Q

First Aid for Burned Areas

superficial

A

1 same as always
2 checked and classify burned areas
3 flush with cool water apply clean gauze thats cold if water isnt avaliable
4 apply cold water until pain subsides
5 apply sterile gauze ( nonadhesive is avaliable) and dont pop blisters if appeared
6 if possiable, elevate burned areas
7 get help if 10% on child and 15% of adult burned
8 dont apply cotton or ointment

60
Q

First Aid for severe burns

A 
1 Call For Help
2 thick sterile dressing 
3 dont remove any objects burned on skin
4 if appendages burned, elevate 
5 if head or faced burned and difficulties breathing, elevate head
6 watch for shock and treat if necessary
61
Q

First aid for chemical burns

A

1 flush with large amounts of water for 15-20 mins
2 remove articles of clothing affected
3 continue flushing with cool water
4 get medical help

62
Q

first aid for chemical gasses

A

1 if wearing contacts, remove them
2 tilt head towards injured side
3 hold eyelid from eye pull torwds 4head and apply cool water
4 flush for 15-30 minutes

63
Q

things to always do while providing first aid

A
  • check area
  • check victim
  • call ems
  • if ok to move victim if needed, move victim
  • control bleeing
  • reassure victim your providing care
  • wash hands afterwards
64
Q

what are heat cramps and treatment

A

muscle pains and spasms due to lost of water and salt through persperation

-firm pressure and move to cool area and small sips of water

65
Q

what is heat exhaustion and treatment and signs and symptoms

A

lost of fluid through perspiration
S&S- pale skin, clammy skin, diaphoresis, fatigue, weakness, heat cramps, fainting, BT slightly elevated

Treatment- move to cooler areas, remove exessive clothing, wet clothing, lie victim down and elevate feet 12 inches, small sips of cool water ( 4 oz every 15 minutes if alert and concious)

66
Q

heat stroke and treatment

A

body temp of 105+, defenses stop working, rapid pulse but strong,

convulsions and death very rapid

ice packs on wrist, ankles, axillary, and groin. be alert for shock GET HELP!!

67
Q

First Aid 4 heat exposure (heat cramps)

A

1 observe for heat stroke and move to cool area check signs and symptoms
2 heat cramps- apply pressure and encourage relaxation
3 if alert and concious give small sips of water
4 cramps get worst, get medical help

68
Q

First aid for Heat Exaustion

A

1 move to cool area and lie victim down
2 loosen and remove excessive clothing
3 apply cool, wet clothing to de face
4 give small sips of water if conscious ( 4 ounces every 15 mins)
5 in complains about naesua get medical help

69
Q

First Aid for Heat Stroke

A

1 Immediatly move to cool area and remove excessive clothing
2 sponge bare skin with cool water or ice packs on wrists, ankles, axillary, and groin, or in tub of cool water. monitor baths
3 if vomiting occurs, lie on side and let fluids drain and provide care based on breathing
4 get Medical Help Immediately
5 be alert for signs of shock and treat

70
Q

Hypothermia

A

body temperature below 95 degrees, warming too quickly could cause dangerous heart arrythmias

71
Q

Frost Bite

A

freezing of tissue fluid that damages skin and underlying tissues

immurse in water 100-104 degrees to warm up
(dont rub and massage or heat lamps or anything warmer than 104, causes gangrene.) dont walk or use affected areas. dry sterile gauze inbetween toes to prevent rubbing

72
Q

First Aid for Cold Exposure

A

1 same as always
2 observe victim closley for (shivers, weakness or drowsiness) check for numbnesss
3 move victim to warm area and remove any wet or frozen clothing, loosen tight clothing
4 slowly warm victims by blankets and warm clothing, if frostbite immerse in water (100-104) dont rapidly warm victim
5 when rewarmed, dry area and gauze between skins to prevent rubbing and dont allow to walk

73
Q

whats a fracture

A

break in a bone

74
Q

whats a sprain

A

injury to tissues surrounding a joint

75
Q

whats a strain

A

overstretch of muscle

76
Q

Splints

A

devices to immobilize injured parts when fractures
1 should be long enough to immobilize the joint above and below the injured area
2 should be padded in bony areas
3 strips of cloth could be used to hold splint
4 shouldnt be applied over injured area

77
Q

pneumatic splints

A

various sizes, shapes for differnt parts of arms and legs (air/vaccum)

78
Q

whats an air splint

A

positioned over a fracture site and air pressure used to inflate splint.

79
Q

whats a vaccum splint

A

deflated after being postitoned over fracture site, avoid over deflamation

80
Q

slings

A

applied where hand higher than elbow ( promotes circulation and prevents edema)

circulation must be checked frequently (skin temp., color, swelling or pain)

move minimal when applying sling

81
Q

first aid for bone and joint injury

A

1 SAA
2 observe signs for fracture dislocation or joint injury
3 immobilize the injured part ( dont try to striaghten)

82
Q

Applying Splints

A

obtain a splint
2 make sure its long enough to immobilze joint above/below injury
3 position where theres no direct pressure
4 use thick material to make sure bony areas secure

83
Q

provided first aid for joint and bone injuries

A
  1. same as always
  2. observe signs and symptoms
  3. immobilize the injured part to prevent movment
84
Q

first aid on applying splints

A
  1. obtain commercial splint or improvise with blankets, newspapers, boards or cardboards.
  2. make sure its long enough to immobilize the joint both above and below the injury
  3. make sure it dosent apply direcrt pressure at sight of injury. two splints are usually used, use pillow for cushion
  4. use thick dressing or clothes to support bony areas
  5. avoid unnessesaary movment
85
Q

apply air inflatable splints

A
  1. obtain correct splint for injured area

2. some have zippers some you slip on, slip ons, use hand to support injured aread to avoid unessesary movment

86
Q

eye injury forgein object pertruding

A

apply dry sterile dressing to obtain object and from moving

get medical help

87
Q

blow to they eyes

A

apply sterile dressing and prevent victim from lying down

88
Q

dirt, lint, stuff in eyes

A

flush with water and apply sterile gauze

89
Q

ear injury first aid

A
  1. small wounds, apply pressure and apply dressing
  2. save any torn tissue and wrap in gauze
  3. keep victim from lying flat but raise head if anything prohibits movment
  4. if ear drum ruptured, place gauze in ear canal loosely, dont allow victim to hit injured side
  5. allow fluid to drain from ear, if clear could be coming from brain, lie victim on injured side and let drain. elevate head
90
Q

head or skull injures

A

S&S- CSP or blood draining from ears or nose, headaches, visual disterbances, muscle paralysis

  1. keep victim from lying flat, if no suspect-able neck or spine injury, raise head with pillow or blankets
  2. look at signs for respitory distress, give rescue breathing if needed
  3. make no attemps to stop fluid draining
  4. dont give any liquids, if thirsty, moist towel to lips and tongue.
91
Q

nosebleeds first aid

A

-keep quiet and calm
-head slightly forward
-control bleeding, press nostriles in midline
if doesnt stop bleeding, stuck gauze in nostrils and apply pressure to outer surface
- cold compresions on bridge of nose
– if still doesnt stop, fracture is suspected, get medical help

92
Q

abdomial injury first aid

A
  • S&S- tenderness, protruding organs, open wounds, nasea and vomiting, symptoms of shock
  • Position victim flat on his back, pillows or blankets under knees to assist stomach
  • if object protruding remove surrounding clothes, surround with moist gauze with sterile or warm tap water, wrap moist dressing with plastic wrap, or aluminum.
  • avoid giving fluids and food
93
Q

injury to genital organs first aid

A
  • control bleeding with sterile gauze
  • treat for shock
  • dont remove any objects
  • save torn tissue and moisten with cool water
  • use ice packs
  • get medical help
94
Q

Heart Attack First aid (thrombosis, coronary convulsion, myocardical infarction)

A

S&S- chest pains, shortness of breath, cyanosis,

  1. encourage victim to remain calm, place in comforable place,
  2. shock frequently occurs, aid for shock
  3. call ems and give asprin to patient ( if certifed to)
95
Q

CVA first aid

A

S&S- numbness in half of body, unequal pupil size, slurred speech,

  1. lie victim flat on back and elevate head and allow secretions to flow, prevent stress,
  2. get medical help, if blood clots, give TPA to patient if avalaible
96
Q

fainting first aid

A

ES&S- dizzines, cold skin

  1. position head at level of knees
  2. if faints, support with pillow and place feet 12 inches elevated
97
Q

Convulsion first aid

A
  1. remove dangerous items from area
  2. dont place anything between victims teeth
  3. dont try to restrain
  4. when it passes, let fluids drain, allow to sleep
  5. get help if it last more than a few minutes or doesnt regain conciousness
98
Q

Diabetic Coma (hyperglycemia)

A

S&S- fruitty breath, come lookin, dry tongue, low BP, labored prolonged respirations.
GET MECICAL HELP

99
Q

insulin shock first aid

A

S&S- exessive persperation, trembling, shallow rapid respirations, headache

  • ask if victim has eaten or insulin shot, give sugar, (cube of sugar or spoonful)
  • check if it is either diabetic shock or coma, work from there

Health Science 1 (9 decks)

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