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Health Science 1 > Respitory System > Flashcards

Respitory System Flashcards

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0
Q

Coryza

A

The common head cold characterized by acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa

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1
Q

Anterior Nares

A

Exterior nostrils

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2
Q

Exudate

A

Accumulation of a fluid in a cavity or matter that penetrates through vessel walls into adjoining tissue

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3
Q

Hemothorax

A

Bloody fluid in the pleural cavity

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4
Q

Hilum

A

Depression where ducts, nerves, or vessels enter or exit an organ

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5
Q

Pneumothorax

A

A collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity characterized by pain in side and painful breathing; can lead to the collapse of the lung

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6
Q

Posterior nares

A

Opening between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx

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7
Q

Purpose of the respiratory system

A

To bring air and blood into intimate contact so that oxygen can be added to the blood and CO2 can be removed

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8
Q

Characteristics of respiratory and breathing

A
  1. Respiratory is defined as the taking in of oxygen, it’s use in the tissue, and the giving off of carbon dioxide
  2. 2 types of respiration
    A. External respiration
    (1) process of taking air into the lungs and passing oxygen from the alveoli into the blood
    (2) also called pulmonary respiration
    B. Internal Respiration
    (1) process of passing oxygen from the blood into the cells, it’s utilized by the cells, and passing CO2 from cells into blood
    (2) AKA Cellular Respiration
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9
Q

Normal respirators per minute?

A

14-20

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10
Q

The ________ is subdivided into smaller and smaller _____ , eventually ending in microscopic branches which divided into _______ ducts, which end in several alveolar sacks consisting of numerous alveoli (___ cells)

A

Bronchioles
Tubes
Alveolar
Air

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11
Q

The _____ the two primary bronchi, and their many branches resemble an _____ tree, and are spoken of as the ________ tree.

A

Trachea
Inverted
Bronchial

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12
Q

By the time the branches of the bronchial tree have ________ to form _______, only the internal surface layer of cells remain

A

dwindled

Alveoli

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13
Q

_______ ducts and sacs look like a _______ of grapes, with the stem as the alveolar duct, each cluster as an ______ sac, and each grape as an alveoli

A

Alveolar
Cluster
Alveolar

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14
Q

Bronchi provides a _________by which air can reach the alveoli of the _____

A

Passageway

Lungs

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15
Q

The alveoli provides spaces where _____ exchange between the ____ and the blood can occur

A

Gaseous

Air

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16
Q

Characteristics of the lungs

A
  • Are the essential organs of respirations
  • cone-shaped and large enough to fill a plural portion of the thoracic cavity
  • spongy, elastic, and float in water
  • The two long sit side-by-side and extend from the diaphragm to appoint slightly above the clavicles, and lie against the ribs anteriorly and posteriorly
  • The medial surface of each lung is concaved to allow room for the mediastinal structure of the heart
  • The long room is composed of our structures entering and leaving along which includes
    (1) primary bronchi
    (2) pulmonary arteries and veins
    (3) bronchial arteries and veins
    (4) lymph vessels and nodes
    (5) nerves
  • Apex of the lung is the point of upper margin which extends slightly above the clavicle
  • base of the Lung is broad inferior surface which lies on the diaphragm.
  • the left lung has an indentation for the heart called the cardiac notch or depression
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17
Q

Right lung is slightly ______, ______, and ______ by about one inch of the other side

A

Larger
Heavier
Shorter

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18
Q

Blood supply to the ____ _____is the bronchial arteries which are branches from the ________ aorta

A

Lung tissue

Thoracic

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19
Q

At birth the lungs are ____, but with increased age they become ______, gray color due to inhalation of _____,____,______

A

Pink
moltted
Dust, pollution, smoke

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20
Q

When filled to ______, the lung can hold _____ cc of air but only ___ cc is inhaled and exhaled in a normal _____

A

Capacity
4,500
500
Breath

21
Q

The lungs contain the alveoli which are essential for gaseous exchange

  1. ….
  2. ….
A
  1. Thin walled sacs are enveloped by a network of capillaries
  2. As blood circulates through the capillaries, CO2 diffuses through the cell membrane and is exchange w oxygen
22
Q

Lobes of the lung

A

A. Left Lung

(1) Left Upper Lobe
(2) left lower lobe

B. Right Lung

(1) Right Upper Lobe
(2) right middle lobe
(3) right lower lobe

23
Q

Functions of the lung

A

A. Acts is essential organ for respirations by distributing out of the lungs into the alveoli

B. Furnish a place where air can come in close enough contact with blood for gaseous exchange to occur

C. Acts as an excretory organ because an individual loses about 400 cc. of moisture per day in expired air

24
Q

Characteristics if pleura

A
  1. Parietal pleura is a serous membrane which contains the line and lines the thoratic cavity, each side has it’s own pleura lining
  2. Visceral pleura covers the outer surface of each lung
  3. Pleura space is the potential space formed by the visceral and parietal pleura lying adjacent to each other which contains pleura fluid
  4. Pleura fluid is secreted by the serous membrane to act as a lubricant
  5. Excess secretion of pleura fluid results in pleura effusion
25
Q

Divisions of the thorax

A

A. Pleural Cavities (2)- Area occupied by the lung
B. Mediastinum- space between the lungs
C. Pericardium- area occupied by the heart

26
Q

Diaphragm

A
  1. Some shaped muscle
  2. Primary muscle involved in breathing
  3. On inspiration, it contracts, flattens, and moves downward to enlarge the thoratic cavity
  4. On expiration, it relaxes, moving upward to decrease the size of the thoratic cavity
  5. Has 3 hiatuses or opening for
    A. Esophagus
    B. Aorta
    C. Inferior Vena Cava
  6. It becomes spasmodic in hiccoughs and sneezing

B. Intercostal muscles

  1. Exterior intercostals elevate the ribs
  2. Internal intercostals depress the ribs
27
Q

Eupnea

A

Refers to ordinary quiet respirations made without obvious effort

28
Q

Dyspnea

A

Painful, difficult and labored breathing

29
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Increased rate and/or depth of respirations

30
Q

Apnea

A

Lack of breathing

31
Q

Anoxia

A

Lack of oxygen or absence of oxygen

32
Q

Hypoxia

A

Decreased amount of oxygen reaching the body cells

33
Q

Suffocation

A

Stoppage of respirations caused by strangulation, aspirations of forgein object or drowning

34
Q

Asphyxia

A

Increased CO2 and decreased O2 I’m the body as a result of some interference with respirations

35
Q

Cheyne-Stokes

A

Alternation cycles of hyperpnea and apnea, often seen in critically I’ll or unconscious patients

36
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish gray discoloration of the skin and mucous membrane caused by an insufficient amount of oxygen

37
Q

What is external respiration

A

External respiration

    (1) process of taking air into the lungs and passing oxygen from the alveoli into the blood 
    (2) also called pulmonary respiration
38
Q

What is internal respiration

A

Internal Respiration

    (1) process of passing oxygen from the blood into the cells, it's utilized by the cells, and passing CO2 from cells into blood 
     (2) AKA Cellular Respiration
39
Q

Breathing is controlled by?

A

The medulla oblengata and the pons

40
Q

Brain sends ______ down the spinal cord to the ______ nerve which inverts the _________

A

Impulses
Phrenic
Diaphragm

41
Q

Is the brainstem is _______ injured, if the spinal cord is _______ In the cervical area, or is the _______ nerve is severed, ______ wil cease

A

Severely
Severed
Phrenic
Respiration

42
Q

The medulla is ______ by variations in the chemistry of the _____ which are detected by __________ in the carotid body and the ____ arch

A

Governed
Blood
Chemoreceptors
Aortic

43
Q

The major regulator of respirations is the carbon dioxide level in the blood

A

(A) a high CO2 level will stimulate respirations to allow the CO2 to be exhaled and O2 to enter the bloodstream
(B) a low CO2 level will decrease the respiratory rate.

44
Q

Parts of the respiratory system

A 
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx 
Trachea
Bronchi 
Lungs
-Muscles of respirations 
1. Diaphragm 
2. Intercostal muscles
45
Q

Characteristics of the nose

A
  • consist of 2 nasal cavalries
  • the opening in the front are known as nostrils and anterior nares
  • nasal cavities lie between the roof of the mouth and the cranium
  • nasal cavities are separated by a vertical partition known as the nasal septum
  • the nasal cavities are constructed of bone covered by ciliated mucous membranes
  • at the side walls are three projections known as nasal conchae, or turbinates, which greatly increase the surface area over which the air must travel before reaching the lungs
  • mucous membrane of the nose are very vascular becuase they contain many blood which bring warmth and moisture to the surface
46
Q

Functions of the nose

A
  • Serves as a passage way for air going to the lung
  • warms, moistens, and filters the air of impurities
  • serves as an organ of smell
  • aids in phonation, especially of n,m, and ng
47
Q

Accessory surface of nose

A

A. Sinuses- cavities lined with ciliated mucous membranes that open into the nasal cavities

  • frontal
  • Maxillary
  • sphenoidal
  • ethnoidal
48
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Opens into the nasopharynx, and equalizes the air pressure between the external and the middle ear

49
Q

Nasoalcrimal ducts

A

Communicate indirectly with the lacrimal gland

50
Q

Characteristics of the pharynx

A
  • a muscular tube like structure, about 5 inches long, which extends from the base of the skull to the esophagus
  • lies anterior to the cervical vertebrate
  • is composed of muscle and is lined with mucous membrane
  • serves as a passageway for both the respitory and digestive tracts
    1. Passes air from nasal cavity to
      Larynx
    2. Passes food and liquid from
      Mouth to esophagus
      -plays an important role in phonation especially in producing the differnt vowel sounds
  • is referred to as the throat
  • has 3 divisions
51
Q

Division of pharynx

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • laryngpharynx

Health Science 1 (9 decks)

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