Digestive System Flashcards
Atresia
Imperformation or closure of a normal tubular opening of the body
Alimentary
Pertaining to nutrition
Bile
A yellow or greenish viscid alkaline fluid secreting by the liver, which aids in digestion and absorption of fats
Chyme
The thick, nearly liquid mixture of partly digested food and digestive secretions found in the stomach and small intestine during digestion
Digestion
The process by which food is broken down, mechanically and chemically, in the gastrointestinal tract and is converted into absorbable forms
Diverticulum
A sac or pouch in the walls of an organ
Enzyme
Complex protein which is capable of inducing a chemical change in another substance
Fauces
Constricted opening leading from mouth bound by the soft palate, base of tongue, and palatine arches.
Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach
Gastroenterology
the branch of medicine science dealing with the physiology and pathology of the stomach, intestine, and relative structures such as the liver gallbladder and pancreas.
Gingivitis
Inflammation of the gums
Hydrochloride Acid
a solution of hydrogen chloride (HCI) present in gastric juice which is necessary for digestion
Masticating
Chewing
Meckel’s Division
A diverticulum of the ileum about three feet above the ileocecal junction
Mesentery
A peritoneal fold encircling the greater part of the small intestine and connecting the intestine to the posterior abdominal wall
Peristalsis
A progressive, wave-like movement that occurs involuntary in hollow tubes of the body, especially the alimentary canal, to force the contents of the tube onward
Peritoneum
The serous membrane reflected over the viscera and lining the abdominal cavity
Peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
Pyloric Stenosis
abnormal narrowing or stricture of the pylorus
Pylorspasm
Spasmodic contraction of the plyorus
Rugae
Folds of mucous membrane seen on internal surface of stomach
Stomatitis
Inflammation of the mouth
Ulcer
An open sore or lesion of the skin or a mucous membrane
How long is the Alimentary canal?
30-32 feet
The alimentary canal is a ____ tube that extends from what-to-what
Long
Mouth to anus
The alimentary canal lies where
Ventral cavity of the body
Alimentary AKA
Gastrointestinal tracts (GI Tract)
What does the Alimentery canal consist of
Primary and accessory organs
Organs that form the Alimentary tract
Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine
Accessory Organs of Alimentary
Teeth Tongue Salivary Glands Pancreas Liver Gallbladder
3 functions of the Digestive System
Breaks down food in preparation of absorption by the body
Absorbs the broken down food
Discharges waste resulting from digestion using large intestine
Anatomy of abdominal-pelvic cavity
- Is the division of the ventral cavity lying inferior to the diaphragm
- Is lined and its organs are covered with a serous membrane known as peritoneum
- The posterior walls are lined with the parietal peritoneum
- The abdominal organs and upper surface of some of the pelvic organs are covered by the visceral peritoneum
- The space between the parietal and viscereal peritoneum is the peritoneal cavity
- The greater omentum is a fatty, apron-shaped, double-fold to peritoneum
- The lesser omentum
The posterior walls are lined with the parietal peritoneum
- projects in a double-fold into the abdominal cavity
- most of the small intestine is attached to its outer edge which is known as mesentery
- the mesentery is a fan-shaped, double fold of parietal peritoneum by which the small intestine is anchored to the to the posterior abdominal wall
- the mesenterys outer edge is 20 feet wide, and the posterior edge is 6 to 8 inches wide
the mesenterys outer edge and the posterior edge is how wide
Mesentery outer edge-20
Posterior edge- 6 to 8
The greater omentum is
- a fatty, apron-shaped, double-fold to peritoneum
- is attatched at its upper border to the duodenum and lower edge of the stomach and transverse colon
- hangs loosley over abdominal viserea
- gives warmth, protection, and aids in walling off localized inflammation in the abdomen when peritonitis is present
Function of the peritoneum
- Prevents friction between contiguous organs by secreting serum which acts as a lubricant
- Holds the abdominal and pelvic organs in position (to limited extent)
- Unites abdominal organs and seperates pelvic organs
Mucosa or mucous Coat
innermost layer lines the organs and contains glands