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Health Science 1 > Circulatory System 16-31 > Flashcards

Circulatory System 16-31 Flashcards

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0
Q

Ventricles

A

Lower chambers, pumping chambers.

(1) RV-pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs
(2) LV- pumps oxygenated blood to tissue

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1
Q

Atria

A

Upper chambers, receiving chambers

(1) right- receives deoxygenated blood
(2) left atrium- receives oxygenated blood

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2
Q

Valves of the heart

A

Atrioventricular valves

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3
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

(A) lies between RA and RV
(B) names for 3 flaps or cusps
(C) valve flap are attached to chordate tendinae which prevents flaps from turning back into the atrium

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4
Q

Bicuspid or Mitral Valve

A

(A) lies between LA and LV
(B) Named for it’s two flaps cusps
(C) Valve flaps are attached to chordae tendinae
(D) Is much stronger and thicker than tricuspid valve

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5
Q

Semilunar Valves Definition

A

Consist of three half-moon shaped flaps

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6
Q

2 Semilunar Valves Definition

A

(1) Pulmonary semilunar valve- lies between the RV and pulmonary artery
(2) Aortic Semilunar Valve- lies between the left ventricle and the aorta

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7
Q

10 ortifices of the heart

A

(A) Opening of superior vena cava into RA
(B) Opening for inferior vena cava into RA
(C) Tricuspid valve orifice between RA and RV
(D) Pulmonary orifice between RV and pulmonary artery
(E) Four openings for pulmonary veins into LA
(F) bicuspid or mitral valve orifice between LA and LV
(G) Aortic orifice between LV and aorta

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8
Q

Circulation of blood through heart

A 
(A) RA 
(B) tricuspid valve
(C) RV
(D) pulmonary semilunar valve 
(E) pulmonary artery 
(F) lungs 
(G) pulmonary veins
(H) LA
(I) bicuspid or mitral valve 
(J) LV 
(K) aortic semilunar valve 
(L) aorta
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9
Q

Blood Supply of Heart

A

(A) Coronary arteries, right and left

(B) coronary veins

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10
Q

Coronary Arteries R and L

A

(1) branch off aorta
(2) encircle the heart like a crown
(3) lies in the fatty tissue surrounding the heart
(4) supply the myocardial substance of the heart with blood

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11
Q

Coronary Veins

A

Return the oxygenated blood used by the cardinal tissue to the right coronary sinus or directly to the right atrium

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12
Q

Nerve Supply of Heart

A

(A) the heart has 2 sets of motor nerve fibers
(1) one set reaches the heart through the vagus
(2) called inhibitory nerve fibers
(B) The other set reaches the heart through the spinal cord and thoracolumbar system
(1) augment or quicken the heartbeat
(2)

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13
Q

Nerve Supply of Heart 2

A

(A) both sets of nerves are connected W/ the cardiac center found in the medulla oblongata

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14
Q

Characteristic of arteries

A

(A) composed of 3 layers
(1) tunica intima- inner layer composed of endothelium
(2) tuna media- middle layer composed of involuntary muscle & elastic which permit construction & dilation
(3) tunica adventitia- outer layer composed of fiberous connective tissue which causes artery to stand open when cut
(B) carry oxygenated blood away from the heart beginning at the aorta
(C) break up into arterioles and capillaries
(D) outer layer of artery is supplied with tiny arteries, capillaries, and veins known as vaso-vasorum or vessels of vessels
(E) many arteries are named for their location in the body, but the same artery receive a new name as it proceeded to new body
(F) the large trunk artery is the aorta
(1) measures 1 1/4 inch of diameter at the connections with the heart
(2) Divides and subdivides into smaller branches

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15
Q

Lining of Veins

A

Inner- endothelial
Middle- muscular
External- connective tissue

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16
Q

Characteristics of Veins

A

(1) the walls of veins are much thinner than arterial walls and are easily collapsed when cut
(2) The muscular codes is not as well-developed and not as elastic in veins
(3) many veins are provided with valves to prevent the back flow of blood
(4) Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
(5) small veins are known as venules
(6) The two large trunk veins are the superior and inferior vena cava
(a) superficial veins are close to the skin
(b) deep veins usually accompany an artery
(7) veins often have the same name as corresponding arteries

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17
Q

Characteristics of Capillaries

A

A. Are minute, hair like vessels
B. Are only one cell layer in thickness
C. Connect arterioles and venules
D. Transport nutrients to the cell and carry waste away from cells through osmosis
E. One square inch a muscle has 1 1/2 million capillaries
F. Red blood cells flow-through the capillaries in single file

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18
Q

Circulation of blood

A

Heart> arteries>arterioles>capillaries>venules> veins

19
Q

Types of circulation

A

(A) Pulmonary Circulation
(1) is the circulation of blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium of the heart
(2) function is to carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be re-oxygenated and to remove the metabolic waste product of carbon dioxide
(B) Systemic Circulation
(1) is the circulation of blood from the left ventricle of the heart to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium of the heart
(2) function is to carry oxygen and nutritive materials to all body tissues and to remove products of metabolism

20
Q

Major Components of Pulmonary Artery

A

A. The pulmonary artery is the trunk artery for pulmonary circulation
(1) begins at right ventricle
(2) divides into the right and left pulmonary artery
(3) they continue to divide into smaller arteries, then arterioels, and finally form a network of capillaries which surrounded supply the air sack of the lungs
(B) The capillary surrounding air second along receive a fresh supply of oxygen and release carbon dioxide and moisture
(C) after being re-oxygenated, the blood returns to the left atrium, the capillaries, venules, small veins, and finally to right and to left pulmonary veins
(D) each pulmonary vein has a separate opening into the left atrium
(E) normal pulmonary circulation : RV-pulmonary artery- lung capillaries- pulmonary veins- LA

21
Q

Parts of Aorta

A
  1. Ascending Aorta
  2. Aortic Arch
  3. Descending aorta
22
Q

Ascending Aorta

A
  1. Parts that begin at the left ventricle and passes upward

2. Has two branches, the left and right coronary arteries

23
Q

Aortic Arch

A
  1. part that turns backward and to the left at about the level of the fourth thoracic vertebra
  2. Had 3 major branches
    (a) A innominate artery which branches into the rights of subclavian in artery into the right common carotid artery
    (b) left common carotid artery
    (c) left subclavian artery
24
Q

Descending Aorta

A
  1. Part that passes downward
  2. Top portion is called the thoracic aorta and has several branches
  3. After passes through the diaphragm, it is called the abdominal aorta and has many branches
  4. End near the fourth lumbar vertebra at the aortic bifurcation where it branches into the right and left common iliac arteries
25
Q

Major arteries of Systemic circulation and areas they supply

A

(A) Right and left coronary arteries- supply myocardium
(B) arteries from aortic arch
(1) right subclavian artery- supplies right arm and surrounding area
(2) left subclavian artery supplies left arm and surrounding area
(3) right common carotid artery- supplies right side of head, neck, and brain
(4) left common carotid artery- supplies left side of head, neck, and brain
(C) arteries from thoracic aorta
(1) bronchial arteries- supply bronchi
(2) esophageal arteries- supply esophagus
(3) pericardial arteries- supply pericardium
(4) intercostal arteries- supply intercostal areas
(5) mediastinal branches- supply lymph glands and posterior mediastinum
(6) superior phrenic arteries- supply diaphragm
(D) Arteries from abdominal aorta
(1) celiac artery- supplies stomach,liver, and spleen
(a) hepatic- supplies liver
(b) splenic- supplies spleen
(c) left gastric- supplies stomach
(2) superior mesenteric artery- supplies all of small intestine except the superior portion of the duodenum
(3) inferior meseneric artery- supplies all of: and rectum except right half of transverse colon
(4) middle suprarenal branches- supply adrenal glands
(5) renal arteries-supply kidneys ureter and adrenals
(6) Testicular arteries- supply testicles and ureter
(7) ovarian overies- supply overies, part of ureters and uterine tubes
(8) inferior phrenic arteries- supply diaphram and esophagus
(9) lumbar arteries- supply lumbar and psaos muscles and part of abdominal wall musculature
(10) middle sacral artery- supplies sacrum and coccyx
(11) right and left common iliac arteries
(a) internal iliac arteries- supply pelvic organ
(b) external iliac arteries- supply lower extremities

26
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

Drains blood from upper half of body; one of the two large trunk band of systemic circulation

27
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

Returns blood for lower half of body; one of the two large strong sense of systemic circulation

28
Q

Innominate R and L

A

Draw blood from head and upper extremities; unite to form superior vena cava

29
Q

Subclavian

A

Main trunk vein that drains upper extremities; joins internal jugular vain to form the Innominate

30
Q

Axillary

A

Drains axillary region

31
Q

Internal Jugular

A

Collects blood from brain, superficial parts of face, and neck; largest vein of head and neck

32
Q

External Jugular

A

Receives greater part of blood from exterior of cranium and deep parts of face

33
Q

Long Thoracic

A

Drains lateral thoracic wall; tributary of axillary vein

34
Q

Gastric L&R Short

A

Drain surface and wall of stomach

35
Q

Hepatic R and L

A

Drains liver and then empty into the inferior vena cava

36
Q

Splenic

A

Draws blood from spleen and part of stomach

37
Q

Portal

A

Collects blood from digestive tract and conveys it to the liver; formed by union of superior mesenteric and splenic veins

38
Q

Superior Mesenteric

A

Drains blood from small intestine

39
Q

Inferior Mesenteric

A

Drains blood from rectum; sigmoid, and descending parts of colon

40
Q

Renal R and L

A

Drains Kidneys

41
Q

Common Iliac R and Left

A

Draws blood from pelvis and legs; form inferior vena cava

42
Q

Femoral

A

Drain spies; joints great saphenous veins at inguinal ligament to become external iliac vein

43
Q

Great Saphenous

A

Longest vein

In the body, draining from dorsum of foot to femoral vein just below the inguinal ligament

44
Q

Portal Circulation

A

(A) veins from stomach, intestine, spleen, and pancreas empty into one vessel, the portal vein
(B) portal vein then carries the blood, loaded with digested food products, to the liver, where food is altered, stored, and released as needed
(C) blood leaves the liver through the hepatic veins which empty into the inferior vena cava

Health Science 1 (9 decks)

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